Digestive System
Digestive System Overview
 Function
 Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
 Absorption of nutrients
 Alimentary Canal
 Accessory Organs
 Tube open at both ends.
Movement
 Mixing
 Segmentation
 Peristalsis
Mouth
 Digestion begins here
 Mechanical Digestion

Chewing
 Chemical Digestion

Amylase
Tongue/Cheek/Lips
 Help to move food to pharynx
 Papillae support
Teeth
 Primary Teeth
 20 total
 Secondary Teeth
 32 total
 How do teeth help in digestion?
Tooth
Salivary Glands
Pharynx and Esophagus
Swallowing
 Three stages
Esophagus
 Passageway
 25 cm
 PharynxStomach
 Diaphragm
 Esophageal hiatus
 Cardiac/Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Stomach
 Regions
 Cardiac
 Fundus
 Body
 Pyloric
Stomach Muscles
Stomach Enzymes
 Mucosa
 Gastric Pits

Gastric Juice- enzymes +HCl
 Enzymes- pepsinogen pepsin
 Chief cells- enzymes/pepsinogen
 Parietal cells- HCl
 Mucous cells
 Prevent stomach from self-digesting
 Onset of secretions
 Taste, Smell, Thoughts
 Increased by release of gastrin
Pancreas/Liver/Gallbladder
 Food moving from stomach to S.I.
 Chyme
 Pancreas
 Pancreatic juice


Amylase, Lipase
Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase
 Neutralizes chyme coming from stomach
Liver
 UR Quadrant
 Two lobes
 HP Vein
 Nutrients
 Important functions
 Carb metabolism

Insulin, Glucagon
 Lipid metabolism
 Protein metabolism
 Storage of vitamins
 Other non-digestive functions
 Detoxification
Liver
 Important functions
 Carb metabolism


Insulin, Glucagon
Lower/Raise blood glucose levels
 Lipid metabolism
 Oxidizing fatty acids
 Creating fat molecules from portions of carbs/proteins
 Protein metabolism
 Creation of urea, clotting factors, plasma proteins
 Storage of vitamins
 A,D,B12
 Bile
Gallbladder
 Located on inferior surface of liver
 Cystic ductCommon HD
 Stores bile
 Hepatopancreatic S.
 Function of bile
 Emulsification
 Absorption of vitamins
Small Intestine
 Pyloric sphincterLarge intestine
 Three sections
 Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
 Support from Abominal Wall
 Greater Omentun
 Vili
 Projections from mucosa
 Enzymes
 Ileoceal sphincter
Enzymes










Salivary Amylase
Pepsin
Pancreatic Amylase
Pancreatic lipase
Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase
Nuclease
Peptidase
Sucrase, Maltase, Lactase
Intestinal Lipase
Enterokinase
Large Intestine
 CecumAnus
 Appendix
 Colon-4 parts
 Ascending
 Transverse
 Descending
 Sigmoid
 No vili
 Minimal digestive function