Williamson Chapter 2 reading questions
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Name: _________________________________ IB HoEME Period: ______ Williamson Chapter 2 Bismarck’s Foreign Policies Section 1: The Period of Adjustment 1871-1878 1. What interests did Britain, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Germany have in the Balkans? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What was Bismarck’s solution to the threat of the Balkans in 1873? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What international problems did the Eastern Crisis cause? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What was the Congress of Berlin in 1878? What was it meant to solve? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What decisions did Bismarck finalize at the 1878 Congress of Berlin? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Section 2: Bismarck’s Web of Alliances 1879-93 6. What was the Dual Alliance and why was it signed? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What was the significance of the Dual Alliance to European Diplomacy? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Why did the Russians agree to talk with Bismarck in 1880? What did they want? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What were the main terms of the Alliance of Three Emperors in 1881? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What was the aim of the Alliance of Three Emperors? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. What was weakening the Alliance of Three Emperors? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. What steps did Bismarck take to combat this? What did he establish and what were its clauses? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Section 3: The Anglo French Quarrel over Egypt and its Consequences 13. Why was France interested in Egypt? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. Explain how the British came to control the Suez Canal and eventually all of Egypt? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Why did the French resent British control of Egypt? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. How did Bismarck capitalize on the Anglo-French dispute over Egypt? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 17. What did Germany’s empire look like in the late 1800’s? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18. Who in the new government supported anti-German sentiment? What problems did this present to Bismarck? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Section 4: 19. Summarize the Bulgarian Crisis and its effect on Bulgaria. Include great power intervention. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 20. What treaty was falling apart? How did Bismarck keep peace between Austria and Russia? What treaties and agreements did he make? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 21. What was the role of the Reinsurance Treaty (1887) in Bismarck’s alliance system? What did it guarantee? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 22. What was the impact of the Bulgarian crisis on Franco-German relations? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 23. How was France isolated by the end of 1887? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 24. Why did the Russians not trust Germany after the Bulgarian Crisis? What did they do? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 25. How did Bismarck seek to deter Russian Agression? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 26. What were Kaiser Wilhelm II’s foreign policy goals? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 27. What happened to Bismarck? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Section 5: The Key Debate Why was France not in a position to challenge Germany from 1871-1890? How did the Balkan Crises affect European Diplomacy from 1870-1890? How did Germany’s role in Europe change from 1871-1890? Pick one and answer: __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________
