Earth’s Water Balance
Changes of State
Water Vapor in the Air
Humidity
Saturation Vapor Pressure
Rises with Temperature
Amount of Water Vapor Required for Saturation Rises with Temperature
DEW Point Temperature
Pseudoadiabatic Chart
Air Lifting Mechanisms
Relative Humidity Increases with Additional Water Vapor
Relative Humidity Increases with Decrease of Temperature
Changes in
Relative Humidity
with
Temperature
Sling
Psychrometer
Atmospheric Stability
Air Cools at Dry Adiabatic Rate until Reaching Dew Point
Then Cools at Wet Adiabatic Rate
Orographic Lifting
Arid Conditions
Caused by
Removal of Moisture
from Air by
Orographic Lifting
Frontal Wedging
Uplifting
by
Convergence
Cloud Cover from Convergence over Florida
Localized Convective Lifting
Air Warmer than its
Surroundings Rises
Rising Air
Cooler than
Environment
Tends Toward
Stability
Absolute Stability;
Environmental Lapse Rate less than Wet Adiabatic Rate
Absolute Instability;
Environmental Lapse Rate greater than Dry Adiabatic Rate
Conditional Stability;
Environmental Lapse Rate between the Dry and Wet Adiabatic Rates
Orographic Lifting
Orographic Lifting Forming a Rain Shadow Desert
Convective Uplifting
Frontal Convergence:
Extra-tropical Cyclone – Plan View
Frontal Convergence:
Extra-tropical Cyclone
– Vertical X sectional View
Cumulonimbus Cloud
People Caught in a Downpour!
Cloud Types
Cirrus Clouds
Cirrostratus Clouds
Cirrocumulus Clouds
Altocumulus
Clouds
Reynold’s Transport Theorem