Environmental Protection
Expenditure in industry
– The Swedish approach
Nancy Steinbach
Third International Conference on Establishment Surveys:
Survey Methods for Businesses, Farms, and Institutions (ICES-III)
Montreal, Canada 22 June 2007
Overview
• What?
• Why?
• How?
• Who?
• Potential?
What is an EPE?
Environmental protection expenditure=
Investments + current expenditure for environmental
protection
Actions to reduce or minimise pollution that have
occurred within the own production
process/activity.
Why compile EPE?
•
•
•
•
•
evaluating costs of complying with environmental
regulations
improves the design and implementation of
environmental regulations within the EU
indicating what the society do against environmental
problems
analysing to what extent the pollutant pay and how
the competitive powers of the industries are effected
Structural Business Statistics, Council
Regulation No 58/97
How to compile EPE?
Survey based approach
•
Paper questionnaire, Internet questionnaire
•
Web-site available: www.mkost.scb.se
Response rate
95
90
85
%
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
1999/2000
2001
2006 preliminary
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006*
How – Methodology
Population:
• NACE 10-14, 15-36, 40-41 (Mining and Quarrying,
Manufacturing and Electricity and water supply
industries)
Sample:
• Random sample
• More than 50 employees
• Co-ordinated samples – Business Register
How – Methodology cont…
• Program designed to compute standard error
estimates and national totals (CLAN)
• Makes estimations for those industries whom are not
selected
• Makes estimations for them whom did not answer
• Enumeration variable: number of employees
Who is using the result?
Internationally:
• OECD
• European Commission: Eurostat, DG Environment, DG
Enterprise, European Environment Agency
• Researchers, Institutes
Nationally:
• Enterprises
• Researchers
• Governmental departments, Environment Protection
Agency
Eurostat: Environmental Protection
Expenditure in industry in the
European Union SIF 9/2005
SCB: Environmental economic
profile: pulp and paper industry
EP investments
gross investments
2004
value added
2003
2002
net income
2001
2000
environmental taxes
number of employees
number of enterprises
0
5
10
15
20
%
25
30
35
40
Potential of EPE in Sweden…
Increase coverage of Sweden’s economic
actors:
• Public sector,
• Specialised producers,
• Services;
for the compilation of Environmental Protection
Expenditure Accounts (EPEA)
…because of…
..that means:
• Complete coverage of Sweden’s economy for
environmental protection…
• That is in line with environmental accounts…
• That is in line with national accounts.
• Harmonised approaches enables reliable
inter-linkages of the environment and the
economy to be evaluated and analysed.
Thank you for your attention 
nancy.steinbach@scb.se