 Write
the Section Header “Particular
Properties” in your notebook.
 Update
your Table of Contents with the
correct page number.
 Let’s
look at the chapter planner (p. 100)
 Linking
Question: How does the property of
electrical conductivity sort materials into
categories.
 Key
Idea: Characteristics of the charge of
materials help classify matter.
 Read pages
•
•
•
•
•
104-105 (Explore Particular Properties)
Notes: You will work in teams to investigate the
properties of several common chemical compounds.
You will organize the compounds based on the
results of your investigation.
You will learn what is happening at the microscopic
level to explain your macroscopic observations.
You will be performing 6 different tests on 8
compounds.
You will use your observations and logic to sort the
substances into groups with similar properties
Write down the Materials List from page 106
into your notebook (You don’t need to include
aprons and glasses but write down everything
else!)
Please note: when the book says “deicer”, it
really means “de-icer”
Please note: ADD vinegar to the list of
materials.

Create a data table in your notebook to record your data. Think
about how many columns and rows you will need to record all your
data.
You will need 7 Columns and 9 Rows!
Column Headers are:
Compound
Appearance
Hardness
Conductivity (as a solid)
Solubility in H20
Conductivity (as a liquid/solution)
Relative Melting Point
Fill in the Compounds Column with
the names of the 9 (NINE) compounds
we will be testing.
You can find the list of compounds in
YOUR notebook, under the Materials
section!
 What we’re testing [from
• Aspirin
• Cornstarch
• De-icer
• Epsom salts
• Candle wax (paraffin)
• Sugar
• Table salt
• Vitamin C
 We are testing [added to
• Vinegar
the book]:
our list]:
Relative Comparisons
vs.
Numerical Measurements
There is a difference between
measuring and comparing objects. If
we felt compelled to group mammals
according to hair length we could
measure everyone’s hair or we could
just estimate instead.
We can classify hair as ‘short’,
‘medium’, and ‘long’. We don’t have to
MEASURE the hair length in order to
group the subjects. This is called a
“Relative Comparison”.
If we spent the time to measure the
average hair length on every mammal,
we could group them more accurately
but it would take a long time!
Medium hair
Long hair
Short hair

In each group:
•
•
•
•
•
•
We are going to divide the tests into four groups:
1) Appearance and hardness
2) Relative Solubility (of liquids and of solids)
3) Melting Point
4) Conductivity
Each person pick one of the Protocols on pages 108-109. Draw
a step-by-step “cartoon” of your test(s). This will serve as your
procedure. Make sure to note any safety issues!
• The person that drew the cartoon is the expert for that test – do
what they say! This person is called the “Test Leader” for that
experiment.
• If you only have three people, one person should do the
Appearance/Relative Hardness test AND another of their
choice.
We will be using a butane torch to determine relative
melting points.
 Long hair and loose clothing must be tied back.
 Do NOT operate the torch without an adult present.
Anybody who is horsing around and not following
directions will be removed from class with a
detention and 0 for the lab.
 When you are done with your investigation, you must
clean all your materials and return them to the kits.
 You must clean up your lab station.
 You must “check out” with me before leaving the lab. I
will check your materials and station to make sure that
they are returned to their starting condition.

 Group
 Kaitlin
1
 Mackenzie
 Ashland
 Nicholas
Group 2
Ana
Alden
Maddie
Group 4
Hannah
Emma
Evan
Group 3
Harrison
Jacob
Julianne
Hyram
Group 1
Abby B.
Andrew S.
Cody
Cierra
Group 2
Isaac B.
Cecilia
Dana K
Group 3
Whitney
Stella
Kelsey
Riley
Group 4
Dayna
Miranda
Brianna
Colton
Group 5
Veronique
Isaac M.
Rebekah
Will
Group 6
Chayla
Annie
Shaun
Taylor
Group 7
Jacob
Tess
Matt
Group 8
Anna
Katie K.
Austin
Group 1
Seth
Reid
Tanner
Anna
Group 2
Dylan B.
Curtis
Ameya
Mary
Group 5
Ashley
Jordan
Braden
Joel
Group 3
Sofia
Jakob
Mark
Mason
Gavin
Group 4
Spencer
Jacob E.
Jimmy
Dylan S.
 Fill
in the Appearance column, using the
“Appearance Test” Protocol.
 Follow
the instructions of the “Test
Leader” for the Appearance test.
Paraffin Melting Test:
We will “DEMO” this instead
of having each group test it…
cleaning the test tubes is a
pain in the neck! :)
Epsom salt is NOT table salt! It is actually Magnesium sulfate, a
compound containing magnesium, sulfur and oxygen. It is MgSO4.
Kosher vs Table salt:
Chemically there is little difference between kitchen salts. Both are
at least 97% NaCl. But there are significant differences in the way
they are made!
Table salt is mined from underground salt deposits, and includes a
small portion of calcium silicate to prevent clumping. Because of its
fine grain a single teaspoon of table salt contains more salt than a
tablespoon of kosher or sea salt.
Kosher salt contains no preservatives and is often derived from
seawater. It is particularly useful in preserving, because its large
crystals draw moisture out of meats and other foods more
effectively than other salts.
!
The Rest of the Tests
 Complete
the remainder of the tests in
any order you choose.
 Follow
the instructions of the “Test
Leader” for each test.
 Categorize: try
to make categories for your
compounds. Can you find any patterns or
trends???
 Compare
categories with other teams…try
to come up with at least one “statement” that
relates a category to conductivity.
 Be
awesome and save the world
 CATEGORIZATION: don’t
but do it with this stuff
do it with people,
Group Discussion Time
In your table group, pick ONE categorization
Present it to the class!
Compound
Appearance
Epsom
salts
White
powder
White
powder
White
crystal
White
crystal
Paraffin
opaque
Aspirin
Cornstarch
De-icer
Sugar
Salt
Vitamin c
vinegar
White
crystal
White
crystal
White
powder
Clear liquid
Hardness
Cond (as
solid)
Solubility
in water
Cond (as a
liquid/sol.)
Melting
Point
Soft
no
Partially
Weak
Low
Soft
No
Partially
Weak
Low
Hard
No
Yes
Strong
High
Hard
No
Yes
Strong
High
Soft
No
No
N/A
Low
Hard
No
Yes
No
Medium
Hard
No
Yes
Strong
High
Hard
No
partially
Weak
Low
N/A
No
N/A
weak
N/A
 Solid
Sodium Chloride - Conductor, or
Not???
 Reflect/Connect:
• Reflect and Connect, p. 107-108, # 1-3
 Read “Electrical
Conductivity”, p 110-111
• Take notes as you go along.
• Anything in this section is “test-able”… do you
feel comfortable that you took enough notes as
you read???