Expansion in Texas 9.3
Mr. Manelski
CPUSH
Americans Settle in the Southwest
• Spanish had established
missions to convert the
Native Americans to
Catholicism in Northern
Mexico (Texas/ NM/ AZ)
• Mexico wins independence
from Spain in 1821
– Native Americans step up
their attacks on Setters
• Few Mexicans move to Texas
– gives mission lands to
farmers and ranchers
– American and Mexican
Setters (Tejanos) began to
pour into the country
Stephen F. Austin
Empresarios
• Who: People who would sell land to
Americans for the Mexican Government
(Stephen F. Austin was one of the best)
• What: Given Land Grants by Mexican
government turned around and sold the land
to American Settlers.
• Where: Texas
• When:1821, 1823, 1824
• Why?
• Why would Mexico have a difficult time controlling
their land?
What does this map tell us?
Americans in Texas
• Why were Texans and Mexicans at odds with each
other?
–
–
–
–
Americans had to convert to Catholicism
Refrain from settling within 60 miles of America
All official business conducted in Spanish
SLAVES
With tensions mounting, Mexico bans any more
immigration from the US in 1830. However
Americans still pour into Mexico.
Moving Towards War
• Austin arrested by Mexican President Antonio
Lopez de Santa Anna
– Places high taxes on US goods and move troops into
Texas
• By 1835, Anglo-Americans out numbered Tejanos,
Native Americans, and African Americans in Texas
– Austin wins repeal of immigration ban
• G.T.T.- 1,000 a month in 1835
• Santa Anna become increasingly despotic
– Suspends Mexican constitution
• Texas Revolution begins in 1835
ANALYZE THE REALTIONSHIP BETWEEN MEXICO
AND THE TEXAN SETTLERS
MEXICO
GOALS
ACTIONS
OUTCOMES
SETTLERS
Texan War for Independence
• Santa Anna moves 4000 troops to Texas to put down Anglo
rebellion
• William Travis moves Anglo forces to the Alamo.
• 12 day siege of Alamo ends, all 187 defenders die
– ALAMO VIDEO
– “Let’s make their victory worse than defeat!” – Col.
William Travis
• March 2, 1836, Texans declare independence
• Santa Anna executes 445 rebels at Goliad
• Sam Houston captures Santa Anna at San Jacinto River
• Santa Anna recognizes independence of
Republic of Texas July 1836.
Map: Major Battles of the Texas Revolution, 1835-1836
Major Battles of the Texas Revolution, 1835-1836
Sam Houston's victory at San Jacinto was the decisive action of the war and avenged the massacres at the Alamo and Goliad.
Fall of the Alamo by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk
Fall of the Alamo by Robert Jenkins Onderdonk
Although they were greatly outnumbered, Texas forces held off a siege at the Alamo
by the Mexican army under Antonio López de Santa Anna. The old mission's walls
were eventually breached, however, and the Texans were overcome in hand-to-hand
fighting. This painting is an artist's conception of the last moments of battle, before
the remaining Texans were finally defeated. (Friends of the Governor's Mansion)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
TEXANS WIN
Battle of San Jacinto
Republic of Texas
•
The Alamo and Goliad had infuriated
the Texans
•
•
Sam Houston and 900 men surprised
the Mexican Army at San Jacinto
– “Remember the Alamo!!!!!”
•
•
•
Kill 630 Mexicans in 15 minutes!
•
Capture Santa Anna and force him to
sign the treaty of Velasco
Mexico regretted the treaty, but
the U.S., France and Britain
recognized the Republic of
Texas
July 1836 – Sam Houston
elected first president
Some wanted to annex Texas
but others did not.
– WHY??
– Who finally tipped the
balance in favor of
annexation?
San Jacinto Battle Flag, 1836
San Jacinto Battle Flag, 1836
Texans believed that their war for independence paralleled the Revolutionary War.
The lady of liberty on this banner, carried by Texans in 1836, brings to mind similar
images that stirred patriots during the American Revolution. (Archives Division,
Texas State Library)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/images/sjmap.j
Narrative of the Battle of San Jacinto:
http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/batsanjacinto.htm
Polk and Dallas Flag
Polk and Dallas Flag
This campaign banner celebrating the candidacy of James K. Polk and George M.
Dallas on the Democratic ticket carries a subtle message conveying the party's
platform. Surrounding Polk's picture are twenty-five stars, one for each state in the
Union. Outside the corner box, a twenty-sixth star stands for Texas, which Polk
promised to annex. (Collection of David J. and Janet L. Frent)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Excerpt from Polk’s Inaugural Address
I regard the question of annexation as belonging exclusively to the
United States and Texas. They are independent powers competent
to contract, and foreign nations have no right to interfere with
them or to take exceptions to their reunion. Foreign powers do not
seem to appreciate the true character of our Government. Our
Union is a confederation of independent States, whose policy is
peace with each other and all the world. To enlarge its limits is to
extend the dominions of peace over additional territories and
increasing millions. The world has nothing to fear from military
ambition in our Government. …. Foreign powers should therefore
look on the annexation of Texas to the United States not as the
conquest of a nation seeking to extend her dominions by arms and
violence, but as the peaceful acquisition of a territory once her
own, by adding another member to our confederation, with the
consent of that member, thereby diminishing the chances of war
and opening to them new and ever-increasing markets for their
products.
Q: Why would the North not want Texas in the
union?
A: For many reasons…
1. Slavery was allowed in Texas
2. Making TX a state would upset the Missouri
Compromise  more Sectionalism
3. Mexico might be moved to war
Even though Texas has been
annexed, its boundary is still in
dispute!