Political Science
Test 3
Spring 2007
Chapter 9
Question
• 1. Definition: A party’s statement of its
positions on the issues of the day.
• party platform
Question
• Definition: The programs of the
administration of President Franklin
Delano Roosevelt.
• The New Deal
Question
• According to the text, Struggle for
Democracy, political parties contribute to
democracy by
• making office holders
accountable to voters
Question
• According to the authors of Struggle for
Democracy, the Founders were hostile to
political parties
• Even though they themselves
formed two distinct political
parties.
Question
• According to the text, Struggle for
Democracy, American politics is primarily
what?
• candidate-centered
Question
• Definition: The political position that holds
that the federal government has a
substantial role to play in the economic
regulation, social welfare, and overcoming
racial inequality.
• liberal
Question
• Definition: The political position that holds
that the federal government ought to play
a very small role in economic regulation,
social welfare, and overcoming racial
inequality.
• conservative
Question
• When did the present-day competition
between the two specific parties, that is,
Republicans verses Democrats, first take
place?
• 1856
Question
• What was the essence of the major shift of
alliances between the two major parties
since 1964?
• Anti-integration Southern
Democrats shifted from the
Democratic to the Republican
Party
Question
• With the change of identification from party
affiliation to the ideological paradigm of
Liberal verses Conservative what
problems arise?
• The identification is largely
subjective and doesn’t always
accurately reflect true ideology
Chapter 10
Question
• Definition: The proportion of eligible voters
who actually vote in a given election is
called what?
• turnout
Question 20
• Definition: The tendency to vote for the
incumbents when times are good and
against them when times are bad.
• electoral reward and
punishment
Question
• Definition: A form of voting in which voters
look back at the performance of a party in
power and cast ballots on the basis of how
well it did in office.
• retrospective voting
Question
• Definition: Political activity, including
voting, campaign activity, contacting
officials, and demonstrating.
• participation
Question
• Definition: Two words that mean “The right
to vote.” (Please review all options)
• suffrage & franchise
Question
• According to both texts (Struggle for
Democracy and The Lanahan Reader)
and according to class lectures about what
percentage of Americans vote in each
presidential election?
• fifty percent
Question
• Definition: Expenditures by political parties
on general public education, voter
registration, and voter mobilization is
called what?
• soft money
Question
• According to the authors of Struggle for
Democracy, in democracies, the chief
means by which citizens control the
government is (are) supposed to be what?
• elections
Question
• In the early years of the United States, the
franchise to vote was held by what group?
•
property-owning white males
Question
• Until the presidential election of 2000 what
was the position of the courts regarding
elections?
• Courts only influenced elections
by disallowing classes of ballots,
such as absentee or from a
specific machine.
Question
• Definition: State elections in which
delegates to national presidential
nominating conventions are chosen.
• Primary Elections
Chapter 11
Question
• Definition: Redrawing electoral
district lines to give an advantage to a
particular party or candidate.
• gerrymandering
Question
• Definition: The powers of the
Congress and the federal government
specifically mentioned in the
Constitution.
• Enumerated powers
Question
• What institution regulates Congress?
• Congress
Question
• What person will become president if
both the president and the vice
president can no longer serve in
office?
• Speaker of the House of
Representatives
Question
• Definition: Article 1, Section 8 of the
Constitution, also called the necessary
and proper clause; gives Congress the
authority to make whatever laws are
necessary and proper to carry out its
assigned and specified responsibilities.
• Elastic clause
Question
• Definition: The legal doctrine that a
person who is arrested must have a
timely hearing before a judge.
• Habeas Corpus
Question
• Definition: According to the doctrine
articulated by Edmund Burke, an
elected representative who acts in
perfect accord with the wishes of his
or her constituents.
• delegate
Question
• Definition: Reallocation of House
seats among the states, done after
each national census, to ensure that
seats are held by the states in
proportion to the size of their
populations.
• reapportionment
Question
• Definition: The redrawing of
congressional district’s lines within a
state to ensure roughly equal
populations within each district.
• redistricting
Question
• Definition: Projects designed to bring
to the constituency jobs and public
money for which members of
Congress can claim credit.
• Pork or pork barrel
Chapter 12
Question
• The domestic economic reality of the
late 19th century which led to an
increase in presidential power was
what?
• The accumulation of wealth and
power by an elite made up of
industrialists
Question
• One of the major factors increasing
the power of the office of the
President was what?
• America’s emergence as a world
power
Question
• Definition: Relatively permanent
congressional committees that
address specific areas of legislation.
• Standing committees
Question
• Definition: The taking of testimony by
a congressional committee or
subcommittee.
• Hearings.
Question
• Definition: The process of revising a
bill in committee.
• markup
Question
• Definition: Congressional committees
with members from both the House
and the Senate.
• Joint committees
Question
• Definition: A vote to end the “unlimited
debate” or a standard debate;
requires the votes of three-fifths of the
membership of the Senate.
• Cloture
Question
• Definition: Legislative action taken
“without objection” as a way to
expedite business; used to conduct
much of the business of the Senate.
• Unanimous consent
Question
• Definition: Deferral by members of
Congress to the judgment of subjectmatter specialists, mainly on minor
technical bills.
• reciprocity
Question
• Definition: The parliamentary device
used in the Senate to prevent a bill
from coming to a vote by “talking it to
death,” made possible by the norm of
unlimited debate.
• filibuster
Question
• There is an obvious paradox in
conservative ideology regarding
presidential power. What
statement describes that
paradox?
Answer
• Conservatives oppose the power of
the federal government, yet think the
only legitimate power of the president
is foreign relations and defense, but it
has those two areas of presidential
responsibility which have most
increased presidential power and
federal authority.
Lanahan Readings
Question
• From the Lanahan Readings, Reading
Number 16, From Congressional
Government by President Woodrow
Wilson– What was unique about President
Wilson’s background?
• He had a doctorate
Question 34
• In Reading 22, from Congress: The
Electoral Connection by David Mahew, the
author portrays United States
congressmen as what?
• single-minded seekers of reelection
Question
• In Reading Number 23, from Home Style
by Richard Fenno, where do most
members of Congress spend a substantial
proportion of their time?
• at home– meaning in their home
districts.
Question
• In Reading Number 23, from Home Style
by Richard Fenno, the author states that
members of Congress have two primary
policy justifications, that is, philosophies
for how the represent constiuents, they
are:
• delegate and trustee
Question
• In Reading Number 28, from Pork: A TimeHonored Tradition Lives On by Paul
Starobin, according to the author when did
federal politicians first begin to legislate
“pork”?
• from the very beginning
Question
• In Reading Number 29, from In Praise
of Pork, by John Ellwood and Eric
Ptashnik, what is the definition offered
by the author for the term “pork.”
• Congressional spending on
projects that bring money and jobs
to particular districts which aid reelection.
Question
• In Reading Number 39, from Locked
in the Cabinet by Robert Reich, in
what president’s cabinet did he
serve?
• Clinton