Government in America Chapter 3 Notes
Federalism
1. What is the conflict regarding medical marijuana that exists in the United States?
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3.1 – Defining Federalism
1. Define Federalism
2. What do we often refer to the national government as?
3. Define Unitary Government
4. What type of government are state governments relative to local governments and why?
5. What are Confederate governments?
6. Define Intergovernmental relations
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3.2 – The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
1. Why was a federal system practical as a form of government when the Constitution was written?
2. What does the division of power between state governments and the federal government mean?
3. Define the Supremacy Clause
4. In cases like No Child Left Behind Act and the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare, requiring all Americans
to purchase health insurance) which both increased the federal government’s power relative to state
governments’ power, which level of government typically wins out?
5. Define the 10th Amendment
6. How has the 10th Amendment come to be interpreted by the Supreme Court today?
7. What does the 11th Amendment do?
8. Define McCulloch v. Maryland
9. Define Enumerated Powers
10. Define Implied Powers
11. Define Elastic Clause
12. Define Gibbons v. Ogden
13. What did the case of United States v. Lopez establish?
14. What did the Supreme Court do regarding Obamacare and the commerce clause?
15. Define Full Faith and Credit clause
16. Define Extradition
17. Define Privileges and Immunities clause
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3.3 – Intergovernmental Relations
1. Define Dual Federalism
2. Define Cooperative Federalism
3. How does No Child Left Behind illustrate cooperative federalism?
4. What are shared costs?
5 What are federal guidelines?
6. What is shared administration?
7. How does cooperative federalism allow the federal government to make policy in areas typically
reserved for the states?
8. Define Devolution
9. Define Fiscal Federalism
10. How much of states’ fiscal spending comes from federal aid?
11. Define Categorical Grants
12. What are crossover sanctions?
13. What are crosscutting requirements?
14. Define Project Grants
15. Define Formula Grants
16. Define Block Grants
17. What are mandates?
18. What are some of the challenges that mandates pose for states?
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3.4 – Diversity in Policy
1. What are some of the benefits of the diversity of policy that comes from federalism?
2. What are some of the drawback of the diversity of policy that comes from federalism?
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3.5 – Understanding Federalism
1. How has the federal system contributed to democracy?
2. How is the federal system detrimental to democracy?
3. Why has it been the national government that has been the primary policy maker in more recent
history, instead of states?
4. Has the federal government replaced the work of state governments? Why or why not?