EMSO
European
Multidisciplinary
Seafloor
and water-column
Observatory
Laura Beranzoli
on behalf of EMSO Consortium
http://www.emso-eu.org/
EMSO, an ESFRI Research Infrastructure
EMSO, a Research Infrastructure of the ESFRI Roadmap,
is the European network of fixed seafloor and water column
observatories constituting a distributed infrastructure for longterm monitoring of environmental processes
Ruhl et al., 2011
Roadmap 2008
(44 Projects)
ESFRI acts on issues related to the development of high scientific
quality European research infrastructures. ESFRI gives national
authorities the opportunity to exchange news and to explore common
and integrated initiatives for the best development and use of
research infrastructures of European relevance
ESFRI mission is to support a coherent and strategy-led approach to
policy-making on new and existing pan-European and global
research infrastructures
http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm
Roadmap 2008
N. projects
Scientific fields
Social Sciences & Humanities
Environmental Sciences (ENV)
Energy
Biological & Medical Sciences
Materials & Analytical Facilities
Physical Sciences (PHY) & Engineering
e-Infrastructures
Total*
5
10
4
10
6
8
1
44
(*10 new projects in the Roadmap 2008 with respect to 2006)
http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm
Definitions
• European Research Infrastructures (ERI) can adopt either a
single site (SI) or a multiple site structure according to their
specific characteristics and mission
• An ERI structured with multiple site is defined as
“Distributed Infrastructure” (DI)
• Each ERI has a unique legal status, management structure,
strategy and development plan
• ERI can undergo to Preparatory Phase project with the aim
to design and create the legal entity managing the
infrastructure (ERIC-European Research Infrastructure
Consortium)
http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm
Mooring with
satellite communications
NRC, 2003
Cabled configuration
Source “Implementation Strategies for
ESONET and EMSO Appendix A”, 2009
GEOSTAR-class SEAFLOOR OBSERVATORIES
Platform
Overall
dimensions
(m)
(L x W x H)
Weight
(kN)
(in air)
Weight
(kN)
(in water)
Depth
rated (m)
GEOSTAR
3.50 x 3.50 x
3.30
25.4
14.2
4000
SN1
2.90 x 2.90 x
2.90
14.0
8.5
4000
SN3
2.90 x 2.90 x
2.90
14.0
8.5
4000
SN4
2.00 x 2.00 x
2.00
6.6
3.4
1000
GMM
1.50 x 1.50 x
1.50
1.5
0.7
1000
MABEL
(SN2)
2.90 x 2.90 x
2.90
14.0
8.5
4000
SN3
GEOSTAR
SN4
SN1
MABEL (SN2)
Favali et al., 2006b; Favali & Beranzoli, 2006; 2009b
GMM
Observatory Measurements
• multiparametric long-term (years) time-series
• seabed and water column measurements
• Nutrient analyzers
• common set of sensors for basic measurements
• pH, Eh and alkalinity
and further sensors for specific purposes
• hydrocarbon fluorescence
• Seismic ground motion
• In situ Mass spectrometer
• Gravity
• Particle flux trap
• Magnetism
• Image based particle flux
• Geodesy and seafloor deformation
• Pigment fluorescence
• Fluid related processes monitoring
• Deep biosphere sensors
• Chemical and Aqueous Transport (CAT)
• Time-Lapse Cameras
• Pore pressure
• Holographic imaging
• Gas hydrate monitoring
• Video
• Dissolved Fe, Mn and sulfide species
• Passive acoustics
• Acoustic tomography
• Active acoustics
• CTD equipment for hydrothermal vents
• Zooplankton sampling
• Methane
• In situ sample processors with molecular/
• Carbon dioxide
genetic probes
• Heat Flow
• In situ respiration
EMSO
EMSO
test
nodes
sites
Koljö Fjord
SmartBay
Molènes
OBSEA
Marmara Sea
Partners: Turkey, Italy, France
EC-ESONET-MARMARA-DM
(exp. Sept’09-ongoing)
SN4 location
eastern part of the
sea at the
westernmost end of
the fault rupture
caused by the 1999
Izmit earthquake.
Main goals: Relationship between Seismicity & Gas seepage
DEGASSING EVENTS: preliminary interpretation
O2 (mM)
T (°C)
CH4 (mM)
Apparently a “pulsation” of degassing by bubbles from the seafloor
Number of CH4 peaks: at least 70 Frequency > 1 peak every 2 days
Iberian Margin
Acoustically linked observatory
Partners: Portugal, Spain, Italy,
Germany, France, Morocco
Portugal
GEOSTAR
MODUS
Gulf of Cadiz
85 km off-shore
3200 m w.d.
EC-NEAREST (exp. Aug.’07-Aug.’08)
EC-ESONET-LIDO-DM (exp. Nov’09-ongoing)
GEOSTAR
ML=4.7 Gulf of Cadiz (Jan.11, 2008)
SISM
ACC
Main goals: Geo-Hazards & Bio-acoustics
R/V Sarmiento de Gamboa
Example of pressure
signal recorded during
NEAREST mission
2 days
(1cm H2O ~ 1mbar)
40 cm
3m
2 cm
1 month
2h
Western Ionian Sea (off Catania)
Synergy between the 2 ESFRI infrastructures: KM3NeT and EMSO
2005 Real-time data transmission
2008 Recovery for refurbishment
2011 Re-deployment (ESONET-LIDO-DM)
Main goals: Geo-Hazards &
Bio-acoustics, Test site for
Neutrino Telescope
Geo-hazard and
bio-acoustic
module
Shore
Station
20 km
Bio-acoustic
module
ROV (operative 4000 m)
Web
NEMO JB
> 2000 m w.d.
NEMO-SN1 real-time cabled observatory
Seismicity: examples of
earthquakes recorded
Z
Z
T
T
N
N
E
E
a
b
200 s
Off-shore Peloponnesus (Greece, Feb. 14,
2008): a) MW=6.9; b) MW=6.2
Z
E
Mw=8.6 off-shore Sumatra
(March 28, 2005)
N
ETNA Activity (recorded by SN1)
Western Ionian Sea : Capo Passero infrastructure
85 km South East offshore Capo Passero, 3500-m depth
(cable deployed 2007, junction box deployed 2009)
Shore Station in Capo Passero Harbour
Submarine cable
100 km - 20 fibres, DC-sea return
Submarine Infrastructure
DC/DC Converter 10 kV-375 V
NEPTUNE-like design
ROV connectors to end users
EMSO-Preparatory Phase Partnership
INGV
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (Italy)
Co-ordinator
IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l’exploitation de
la MER (France)
NOCS
- National Oceanography Centre Southampton (United
Kingdom)
KDM
- Konsortium Deutsche Meeresforschung e.V.
(Germany)
NIOZ
- Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor
Zeeonderzoek (The Netherlands)
ITU
- Istanbul Teknik Universitesi
(Turkey)
UiT
- University of Tromsø (Norway)
UTM-CSIC - Unidad de Tecnologia Marina - Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain)
FFCUL - Fundação da Faculdade de Ciências
da Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal)
HCMR - Hellenic Centre for Marine Research
(Greece)
IMI
- Irish Marine Institute (Ireland)
UGOT - Goteborgs Universitet (Sweden)
EMSO data classification & policy
Main features
 Seafloor and water-column in situ measurements
 Continuous time-series of physical parameters
 Diverse sampling rate: 10-4 Hz (=1 sample/h) to 102 kHz & Precise timing [stability 10-9 ÷10-11]
Instruments
LOW rate data
• ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current
Profiler
• APG Absolute Pressure Gauge
HIGH rate
data
• Seismometer
• Hydrophone
• CTD Conductivity Temperature
• GRA Gravity meter
• PCM Currentmeter
Metadata
only
RDBMS (MySQL)
File system (ftp, http)
Data policy:
 Open access
 QC data (data/metadata)
 Interchangeable formats
EMSO distributed storage & database
CIVIL PROTECTION AUTH.
POPULATION WARNING
GRID
CPU
USERS
computing
EMSO PORTAL
web services
web forms
SQL
…
DB, catalogue
web server
resource
scheduling
…
streaming
audio &
video
web forms
…
EMSO contribution to GEO
EMSO
Land
observation
systems
Global Ocean
Observing
System
Integration in
GEOSS
GEOSS
EMSO Governance
EMSO-ERIC will have:
Central co-ordination
(statutory seat with
central management)
Regional Teams (in
charge of the EMSO
nodes)
Assembly of Members: highest level decision body
composed by Representatives of the Countries
Steps towards EMSO-ERIC
Italian Ministry
Letter sent to the
Funding Agencies
DONE
MoU Signature
process
IN PROGRESS
Interim Office
establishment
DONE
ERIC Application
submission
NEXT
ERIC Application
review process
NEXT
ERIC APPROVAL
NEXT
Signatory Countries:
Italy, UK, Portugal, Romania,
Greece, The Netherlands,
Ireland, Germany, France,
Spain*
*officially announced
Foreseen:
Norway, Turkey
Postponed:
Sweden
International dimension
NEPTUNE Canada
DONET Japan
ECSSOS China
MACHO Taiwan
OOI United States
IMOS Australia
Infrastructures integration
In line with:
Seafloor and
water column
“Support the
development
of a truly
integrated and
sustainably
funded
European
Ocean
Observing
System…”
Open ocean and coastal
Ruhl et al., 2011
Ostend Declaration
2010
Infrastructures integration
In line with:
Logistics (Ships, ROVs, etc.)
Mobile
observatories
Fixed point observatories
“Support the
development
of a truly
integrated and
sustainably
funded
European
Ocean
Observing
System…”
Ostend Declaration
2010
Ruhl et al., 2011
Ruhl et al., 2011
http://www.emso-eu.org