More than half the world lives
on less than $2 a day
PRB’s 2005 World Population Data
Sheet reveals persisting global
inequalities in health and well-being
Presentation by Bill Butz, Carl Haub, Linda
Jacobsen, and Roger-Mark De Souza of the
Population Reference Bureau, August 23, 2005
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
The “Demographic Divide”:
The example of Tanzania and Poland
Tanzania
Poland
Population 2005 (millions)
36.5
38.2
Population 2050
71.4
32.4
5.7
1.2
1,500,000
355,000
45
14
3
20
44
82
105,000
2,400
73
<2
Lifetime Births per Woman
Annual Number of Births
Percent of Population Below
Age 15
Percent of Population Age 65+
Life Expectancy at Birth
Annual Number of Infant
Deaths
Percent Living Below US$2 a
Day
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
Global population growth:
A developing country phenomenon
Billions
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
Developing countries
2
1
Developed countries
0
1
9
5
0
1
9
5
5
1
9
6
0
1
9
6
5
1
9
7
0
1
9
7
5
1
9
8
0
1
9
8
5
1
9
9
0
1
9
9
5
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
5
2
0
1
0
2
0
1
5
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
5
2
0
3
0
2
0
3
5
2
0
4
0
2
0
4
5
2
0
5
0
Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision, medium variant.
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
Europe is the only world region projected
to decline in population by 2050.
Millions
North America
Latin America/
Caribbean
Europe
Africa
457
326
778
549
668
728
2050
2005
1,941
885
Asia
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
5,385
3,875
In the developed countries there are
fewer and fewer young people, more and
more elderly (2005).
Millions
Age
80+
Males
70-74
Females
60-64
50-54
40-44
30-34
20-24
10-14
0-4
300
200
100
00
100
200
Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision.
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
300
The young population of the developing
countries has great growth potential
(2005).
Millions
Age
90+
80-84
Males
Females
70-74
60-64
50-54
40-44
30-34
20-24
10-14
0-4
300
200
100
00
100
200
300
Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision.
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
India’s fertility has declined in fits and
starts.
Births per 1,000 population
40
35
30
25
Birth rate stabilizes
following unpopular birth
control program during the
“emergency” of the 1970s
20
15
Resumption of
gradual birth rate
decrease
10
5
0
1
9
7
1
1
9
7
3
1
9
7
5
1
9
7
7
1
9
7
9
1
9
8
1
1
9
8
3
1
9
8
5
1
9
8
7
1
9
8
9
1
Source: Registrar General of India, Sample Registration System.
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
9
9
1
1
9
9
3
1
9
9
5
1
9
9
7
1
9
9
9
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
3
Fertility varies widely across the states
of India.
Children per woman
Kerala
1.8
Tamil Nadu
2
Andhra Pradesh
Maharashtra
Karnataka
2.2
2.3
2.4
Orissa
Gujarat
Haryana
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Bihar
Uttar Pradesh
Source: Registrar General of India, Sample Registration System, 2002.
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.8
3.9
4.3
4.4
Thailand represents a smooth transition to
below-replacement fertility.
Children per woman
7
6
5
4
3
Family planning
program officially
begins
2
1
0
1950- 1955- 1960- 1965- 1970- 1975- 1980- 1985- 1990- 1995- 20001955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Source: United Nations Population Division and Population Reference Bureau.
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
Fertility is higher in the United States than
in most other developed countries.
Children per woman
South Korea
1.19
Italy
1.26
Japan
1.28
Germany
1.3
Spain
1.3
Canada
1.49
United Kingdom
1.72
Netherlands
1.73
Sweden
Australia
France
United States
Source: PRB, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
1.74
1.77
1.9
2.03
Fertility differs considerably among race
and ethnic groups in the United States.
Children per woman
White, nonHispanic
1.86
Asian/Pacific
Islander
1.87
Black, nonHispanic
Hispanic
Mexican
Source: National Center for Health Statistics.
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
2.03
2.79
2.88
People are living longer than ever before
in the U.S., but gaps in life expectancy
between blacks and whites persist.
Years
85
White female
80
Black female
75
70
White male
65
Black male
60
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
8
2
9
9
6
1
9
9
4
1
9
9
2
1
9
9
0
1
9
9
8
Source: National Center for Health Statistics.
1
9
8
6
1
9
8
4
1
9
8
2
1
1
9
8
0
9
8
8
1
9
7
6
1
7
9
1
1
9
7
0
55
Infant mortality for blacks has remained
twice as high as infant mortality for
whites since the early 1980s.
Infant deaths per 1,000 births
25
20
• Black, non-Hispanic
15
10
• Hispanic
5
•
White, non-Hispanic
•
Asian
0
1
9
8
3
1
9
8
4
1
9
8
5
1
9
9
0
1
9
9
1
1
9
9
5
Source: National Center for Health Statistics.
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
1
9
9
6
1
9
9
7
1
9
9
8
1
9
9
9
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
Decreases in the rates of child poverty
have not closed the gap between minority
and white children.
Percent living in poverty
50
Black
45
40
Hispanic
35
30
25
20
15
10
White, non-Hispanic
5
0
1
9
8
0
1
9
8
5
1
9
9
0
1
9
9
3
1
9
9
5
1
9
9
7
1
9
9
8
1
Source: Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics.
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
9
9
9
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
3
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
In many parts of the world, rural
populations still lack access to safe
drinking water.
Sub-Saharan Africa
45
82
80
South-Central Asia
East Asia
Western Asia
Latin
America/Caribbean
Eastern Europe
North America
Source: Based on UNICEF, End-Decade Databases, January 2005.
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
94
69
94
73
95
69
96
81
99
100
100
Rural
Urban
Six of the top 15 energy users are lowincome countries.
Total energy use, in millions of metric tons of oil equivalent, 2002
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Indonesia
Mexico
Italy
Brazil
Korea, Rep.
United Kingdom
Canada
France
Germany
Japan
India
Russian Federation
China
133
156
157
172
190
203
226
250
265
346
516
538
617
United States
Source: World Bank, 2005 World Development Indicators: table 3.7.
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
1,228
2,290
High-income countries have the highest
energy use per capita.
Energy use per capita, in thousands of kilograms of oil equivalent, 2002
France
New Zealand
Netherlands
Belgium
Sweden
Australia
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.5
5.7
Saudi Arabia
5.7
5.8
Norway
5.8
Singapore
Finland
Trinidad & Tobago
6.1
6.9
United States
Canada
Kuwait
United Arab Emirates
Source: World Bank, 2005 World Development Indicators: table 3.7.
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU
7.1
7.9
8
9.5
9.6
© 2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU