QUIT
23
The New Deal
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
INTERACT WITH HISTORY
TIME LINE
MAP
GRAPH
SECTION
1 A New Deal Fights the Depression
SECTION
2 The Second New Deal Takes Hold
SECTION
3 The New Deal Affects Many Groups
SECTION
4 Culture in the 1930s
SECTION
5 The Impact of the New Deal
VISUAL SUMMARY
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The New Deal
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
To understand the impetus for FDR’s New Deal
legislations and the impact these policies had on
the American nation
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The New Deal
INTERACT
WITH HISTORY
It is 1933, the height of the Great Depression. Thousands of
banks and businesses have failed, and a quarter of the adult
population is out of work. Now a new president takes office,
promising to bring relief to the ailing economy.
How would you begin to revive the
economy?
Examine the Issues
• How can the government help failing industries?
• What can be done to ease unemployment?
• What would you do to restore public confidence and economic security?
• How would you get money to pay for your proposed recovery programs?
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The New Deal
TIME LINE
The United States
The World
1933 Franklin Delano Roosevelt is inaugurated.
1933 Hitler and the Nazi party come to power in
Germany.
1934 Congress creates the SEC to regulate the
stock market. Indian Reorganization Act is
passed.
1935 Congress passes the Social Security Act.
1935 Mussolini leads Italian invasion of
Ethiopia. British Parliament passes the
Government of India Act.
1936 President Roosevelt is reelected.
1936 Civil war begins in Spain.
1937 Labor unions begin using sit-down strikes.
1937 Japan invades Northern China.
Hindenburg disaster
1938 Route 66 is completed, linking Chicago,
Illinois, to Los Angeles, California.
1939 The Wizard of Oz is released in movie
theaters.
1940 President Roosevelt is elected a third time.
1939 Germany invades Poland.
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1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
KEY IDEA
President Roosevelt takes many actions to
combat the Depression.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
After becoming president, Franklin
Delano Roosevelt used government
programs to combat the Depression.
Americans still benefit from programs
begun in the New Deal, such as bank
and stock market regulations and the
Tennessee Valley Authority.
TERMS & NAMES
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt • Huey Long
• Glass-Steagall Act
• deficit spending
• Federal Securities Act
• New Deal
• National Industrial Recovery Act
(NIRA)
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
ASSESSMENT
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A New Deal Fights the Depression
ASSESSMENT
1. List problems that President Roosevelt confronted and
how he tried to solve them.
Problems
Solutions
Lack of confidence in banks
Bank holiday; treasury inspection;
deposit insurance
Low crop prices
Paying farmers to slow crop
production
Massive unemployment
Federal work programs
continued . . .
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1
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A New Deal Fights the Depression
ASSESSMENT
2. Of the New Deal programs discussed in this section,
which do you consider the most important?
Think About:
• the type of assistance offered by each program
• the scope of each program
• the impact of each program
ANSWER
POSSIBLE RESPONSES:
• The FDIC boosted confidence in banks
• The CCC provided aid for unemployment and helped
the environment.
continued . . .
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1
A New Deal Fights the Depression
ASSESSMENT
3. Do you think Roosevelt was wrong to try to “pack”
the Supreme Court with those in favor of the New Deal?
ANSWER
POSSIBLE RESPONSES:
• No: Given the crisis of the Depression, it was necessary
for FDR to restructure the Court.
• Yes: FDR’s proposed “Court-packing bill” would violate
principles of judicial independence and the separation of
powers.
continued . . .
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1
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A New Deal Fights the Depression
ASSESSMENT
4. The New Deal has often been referred to as a turning
point in American history. Cite examples to explain why.
ANSWER
The New Deal helped the failing banking system, restored
people’s hope in the future, provided assistance to farmers
and those in need of housing, and provided people with
jobs.
End of Section 1
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The Second New Deal Takes Hold
KEY IDEA
The Second New Deal institutes new
programs to extend federal aid and
stimulate the nation’s economy.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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The Second New Deal Takes Hold
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Second New Deal included
new programs to extend federal
aid and stimulate the nation’s
economy.
Second New Deal programs
continue to assist homebuyers,
farmers, workers, and the
elderly in the 2000s.
TERMS & NAMES
• Social Security Act
• Eleanor Roosevelt
• Wagner Act
• Works Progress Administration
(WPA)
• National Youth Administration
ASSESSMENT
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The Second New Deal Takes Hold
ASSESSMENT
1. Discuss how groups such as farmers, the unemployed, youth,
and retirees were helped by Second New Deal programs.
Second New Deal
Group
How Helped
Farmers
Second Agricultural Adjustment Act, Farm Security
Administration, Rural Electrification Administration
Unemployed
Works Progress Administration, Social Security
Administration, National Youth Administration
Labor
Wagner Act, Fair Labor Standards Act
Retirees
Social Security Act
continued . . .
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The Second New Deal Takes Hold
ASSESSMENT
2. Why might the Social Security Act be considered the
most important achievement of the New Deal? Think About:
• the types of relief needed in the 1930s
• alternatives to government assistance to the elderly,
the unemployed, and the disabled
• the scope of the act
ANSWER
The Social Security Act provided immediate aid to the unemployed, the elderly,
the disabled, and families with dependent children. It was the New Deal program
with the largest scope, affecting thousands of people, over many years.
End of Section 2
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The New Deal Affects Many Groups
KEY IDEA
New Deal policies and actions affect
Americans in all walks of life. The
Democratic Party forms a new political
coalition.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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The New Deal Affects Many Groups
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
New Deal policies and
actions affected various
social and ethnic groups.
The New Deal made a lasting
impact on increasing the
government’s role in the struggle
for equal rights.
TERMS & NAMES
• Mary McLeod Bethune
• John Collier
• New Deal coalition
• Frances Perkins
• Congress of Industrial Organizations
(CIO)
ASSESSMENT
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The New Deal Affects Many Groups
ASSESSMENT
1. Note the effects of New Deal policies on American women,
African Americans, Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and
unionized workers.
Effects of New Deal
Women
Appointment of
Frances Perkins
as first female
cabinet member
African
Americans
Appointee
Mary McLeod
Bethune and the
“Black Cabinet”
Mexican
Americans
Aided by some New
Deal programs but
received less
help than others
Native
Americans
Unionized
workers
Appointment of
John Collier and
the Indian
Reorganization
Act of 1934
The Wagner Act
and other prolabor
legislation
continued . . .
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The New Deal Affects Many Groups
ASSESSMENT
2. What steps did women make toward equality during
the 1930s? Think About:
• the role of women in government
• hiring practices in federal programs
• women’s opportunities in business and industry
ANSWER
Women appointed to government positions; more
women employed outside the home; expanding
opportunities in the workplace; women activists and
organizers
continued . . .
3
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The New Deal Affects Many Groups
ASSESSMENT
3. In your opinion, did organized labor become too
powerful in the 1930s? Think About:
• why workers joined unions
• how unions organized workers
• the role of unions in politics
ANSWER
POSSIBLE RESPONSES:
• Yes: Strikes interfered with business and labor disputes
and sometimes resulted in violence.
• No: Unionization resulted in better working conditions.
continued . . .
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The New Deal Affects Many Groups
ASSESSMENT
4. Why did urban voters support President Roosevelt?
ANSWER
New Deal labor and relief programs helped the urban
poor. Roosevelt made direct appeals to urban voters
during his campaign.
End of Section 3
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Culture in the 1930s
KEY IDEA
Motion pictures, radio, art, and literature all
blossom during the period of the New Deal.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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Culture in the 1930s
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Motion pictures, radio, art, and
literature blossomed during the
New Deal.
The films, music, art, and
literature of the 1930s still
captivate today’s public.
TERMS & NAMES
• Gone With the Wind
• Grant Wood
• Richard Wright
• Orson Welles
• The Grapes of Wrath
ASSESSMENT
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Culture in the 1930s
ASSESSMENT
1. Fill in the names of those who contributed to each aspect
of American culture in the 1930s.
Writers
Richard Wright,
Zora Neale Hurston,
James T. Farrell,
John Steinbeck,
Thorton Wilder
Radio Stars
Movie Stars
Clark Gable,
Orson Welles, Bob
Marlene Dietrich,
Hope, Jack Benny,
James Cagney,
Burns and Allen
Vivien Leigh,
Fred Astaire,
Ginger
Rogers
Painters
Edward Hopper,
Thomas Hart Benton,
Grant Wood
continued . . .
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Culture in the 1930s
ASSESSMENT
2. What type of movies do you think might have been
produced if the government had supported moviemaking
as part of the New Deal?
ANSWER
Movies that focused on social and political
accomplishments, and documentaries about the Dust Bowl
and the Depression.
continued . . .
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Culture in the 1930s
ASSESSMENT
3. How did the entertainment industry affect the economy?
ANSWER
Entertainment, especially movies and radio, was a
lucrative industry during the Depression. New movie
theatres had regular patrons; nearly 90 percent of
Americans owned radios by 1940.
continued . . .
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Culture in the 1930s
ASSESSMENT
4. In your opinion, what were the main benefits of
government support for art and literature in the 1930s?
Think About:
• the experiences of Americans in the Great Depression
• the writers who got their start through the FWP
• the subject matter of WPA murals and other New
Deal-sponsored art
ANSWER
Writers produced literature about the hardships and daily struggle of the American
people during the 1930s. New Deal art produced a written and pictorial legacy of the
Depression years. The government provided writers and artists with the opportunity to
create. The arts became more accessible to the public.
End of Section 4
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5
The Impact of the New Deal
KEY IDEA
The New Deal affects American society not only
in the 1930s but also in the decades that follow.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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5
The Impact of the New Deal
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The New Deal affected American
society not only in the 1930s but
also in the decades that followed.
Americans still debate over how
large a role government should
play in American life.
TERMS & NAMES
• Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC)
• Tennessee Valley
Authority (TVA)
• Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC)
• National Labor Relations • parity
Board (NLRB)
ASSESSMENT
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The Impact of the New Deal
ASSESSMENT
1. List four long-term effects of the New Deal.
National Labor
Relations Board
mediates labor
disputes.
Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation
insures accounts
up to $100,000.
New Deal’s
Long-Term Effects
Securities and
Exchange Commission
monitors the stock
market.
Social Security
provides assistance
to eligible citizens.
continued . . .
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The Impact of the New Deal
ASSESSMENT
2. Some critics have charged that the New Deal was
antibusiness and anti-free enterprise. Explain why you agree
or disagree with this charge. Think About:
• the expanded power of the federal government
• the New Deal’s effect on the economy
• the New Deal’s effect on the American people
ANSWER
Agree: The New Deal weakened free enterprise business by increasing
regulations, taxes, union membership, and wages.
Disagree: It increased government spending, improved the economy,
provided hope, and aided free enterprise.
continued . . .
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The Impact of the New Deal
ASSESSMENT
3. How successful do you think Franklin Roosevelt was
as a president?
ANSWER
Success: Roosevelt’s New Deal programs addressed the
crisis of the Depression and helped the country recover.
Failure: Roosevelt did not support civil rights for African
Americans. New Deal legislation stifled free enterprise and
individual initiative.
End of Section 5