Presented by Angelo Tamayo
 Hannibal blamed for the consequences of the Second
Punic War:
 Heavy war repayments
 Surrender of all territory except the city of Carthage
 Surrender of war fleet and elephants
 Carthage unable to wage
war without the
consent of Rome
 Allowed to stay in Carthage
 Elected a suffete in 197
 Fixed up the economy
 Attempted to abolish Carthaginian oligarchy and
attempted to introduce democratic reforms
 Accused of conspiring with King Antiochus III of Syria
against Rome and went into voluntary exile
 Fled to Antiochus III at Ephesus to organise an
invasion of Italy
 Granted a minor naval command
 Lost to Rhodes in naval combat at Magnesia in 189
 Fled to Armenia, then Crete
 Then to King Prusias at Bithynia
 Granted admiralship of the navy and helped to defeat
King Eumenes of Pergamum’s fleet in 184
 Rome demands the arrest of Hannibal
 Hannibal poisoned himself in his home at Libyssa at
about 183
 After Hannibal’s exile in 196,
Carthage focused on reviving its
commerce
 Rome was already scared of a reincarnation or the likes
of Hannibal
 Numidians were taking advantage of the weakened
state Carthage and “hit and running”
 Rome rejected Carthage’s pleas for help
 A military tribune in the Punic Wars
 Went to Carthage to investigate these frontier
violations
 Returned to Rome even more alarmed at the apparent
wealth of the city
 “Carthago delenda est”
 Finally Carthage retaliated and suffered a loss
 This gave Rome a valid reason to intervene
 Carthage attempted to appease Rome
 Surrendered some hostages
 Surrender of engines and arms of war
 The Romans then told them to abandon their city and
settle somewhere at least 10 miles from the seacoast.
 Carthage refused
 Believed that Carthage
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couldn't be defeated
without a Scipio in command
Makeshift weapons
Held the city for three years against Scipio Aemilianus
Tens of thousands of people sold into slavery
The city apparently burned for 17 days
The site was declared accursed
Fields sowed with salt so that nothing could grow
there
 No Carthaginian records of Hannibal’s life, only
Roman and Greek
 Polybius enslaved by the Romans
 Titus Livius (Livy) was a Roman by birth
 Records only pertain to his public life
Livy
Polybius
Polybius
Livy
Fond of money to a smaller
degree than publicised
Loved by his men and yet
inhumanly cruel
Could unite diverse forces
under one authority and
command
Lay on the hard ground with
his men and dressed alike
them
Cruelty was a necessity
First to enter battle and last
to leave it
Brave and daring
No toil could exhaust his
body or overcome his spirit
A true leader: working and
fighting with his men
Liar with no sanctity nor fear
of the gods
 Hannibal…
 Released prisoners (even if for political reasons)
 Treated the bodies of the fallen respectfully
 Gave Paullus (one of the generals in Cannae) a dignified
funeral
 Brave, confident, temperate, patient, praised for
sobriety
 Described as treacherous
 Almost singularly brought
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Rome to the brink of destruction
Estimated 400 towns destroyed
and over 500,000 Romans killed
Instigated fear in the Romans for centuries to come
He is belittled by the Romans in later centuries and
merely seen as an “enemy of Rome”
Influenced great modern military commanders such
as Napoleon
Is debated by many to be the greatest generals of all
time
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http://www.answers.com/topic/hannibal-barca
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-hannibal.html
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-corinth146.html
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-punic3.html
http://acaciatrilogy.blogspot.com/2005/01/misunderstanding-hannibal.html
http://www.unrv.com/empire/third-punic-war.php
http://wildfiregames.com/wordpress/the-game/historyarticles/biographies/biographies-carthaginian/hannibal-barca/
The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 15 (1989 Edition). Published by World Book, Inc.
pp906-7
The World Book Encyclopedia, Volume 9 (1989 Edition). Published by World Book, Inc.
pp55-6
The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Micropaedia Ready Reference, Volume 5 (15th
Edition). Published by Encyclopeaedia Britannica, Inc. pp5-29
Hannibal - Rome's Worst Nightmare (2006)
Excel HSC Ancient History Book 2 Chapter 5
Boak and Sinnigen A History of Rome to AD. 565 Chapter 8, 9, 10