The position and motion of objects can
be changed by a …..
pull
A child and a teenager are riding down a hill.
The child is on a tricycle and the teenager is on
a bike. They are traveling at the same speed.
You need to stop one of them. Which one will
be easier to stop? Why?
The child is easier to
stop because he has
less mass than the
teenager.
Think about the cart and washer
experiment you did earlier this year. As
the mass of the cart stayed the same
and the number of washers pulling the
cart increased, how was the speed of
the cart affected?
a. The speed decreased.
b. The speed increased.
c. The speed stayed the same.
Cart and Washer Experiment
25
20
15
speed of cart
10
The speed of the cart increases
because the strength of the pull
increases.
5
0
0
2
4
# of washers pulling cart
6
If there are always four washers used to
pull the cart and the mass of the cart
increases, what will happen to the speed
of the cart?
a. The speed will decrease
b. The speed will increase.
c. The speed will stay the same.
S
p
e
e
d
o
f
C
a
r
t
Cart and Washer Experiment
16
14
12
10
8
speed of cart in/s
6
The speed will decrease
because the mass of the
cart is increasing and the
strength of the pull is
staying the same.
4
2
0
0
2
4
6
8
Number of Washers in the Cart
10

Your task is to pull a 2000 pound wagon
of supplies in the least amount of time.
You may choose one animal to help
you. Will it be the elephant or the cow?
Explain the effects its strength has on the
motion of the wagon.
Video
camera
binoculars
telescope
camera
periscope
microscope
Describe the uses of each instrument and how it enhances our vision
Light is a form of energy that travels in a
straight line and can be reflected by a
mirror, refracted by a lens, and absorbed
by objects.
Mirrors reflect light.
Water refracts light.
That is why the
pencil appears to
be bent.
The color black absorbs light.

White light is made of all the colors of the
rainbow. They are …….
Red =======================
Orange ====================
Yellow =====================
Green ======================
Blue =======================
Indigo =====================
Violet ======================
ROYGBIV
Red, Orange,
Yellow, Green,
Indigo and Violet
are absorbed.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Blue light is reflected
off the blue balloon
and travels to the eye.
Which of the following best explains why Brandon creates
a shadow?
A. Brandon changes the color of sunlight hitting the
ground.
B. Brandon reflects sunlight onto the ground.
C. Brandon bends light waves from the Sun.
D. Brandon blocks light from the Sun.
A child sees a mirror image of a lighthouse
in the water. What causes this mirror
image?
a. Black light
b. Refracted light
c. Reflected light
d. Absorbed light
What happens to the path of a light ray
as it passes from air into water at an
angle?
a. Its path bends.
b. Its path becomes shorter.
c. Its path continues in a straight line.
A student places a sheet of black
construction paper on her desk. What
happens to most of the light that strikes
the black construction paper?
A. The light is bent by the paper.
B. The light reflects off the paper.
C. The light is absorbed by the paper.
D. The light passes through the paper.
Identify each object as opaque,
transparent or translucent.

Glass window
transparent – all light travels through

Frying pan
opaque – no light travels through

Desk
opaque – no light travels through

Paper towel
translucent – some light travels through

Tracing paper
translucent – some light travels through
Describe how light is absorbed.
 Describe how light is reflected.
 Describe how light is refracted.
 What colors make up white light?
 Explain why we see colors.


The opening of the camera controls the
amount of light allowed in. Which part of
the eye does the same job?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The lens
The iris
The retina
The cornea

A fair test experiment is when you design
an experiment to compare two or more
things. All conditions must be the same
except for the two or more things you
are comparing.

What was being compared in the soggy
paper experiment?
We compared the absorbency of different types of paper.
Same size paper squares
 Let each square drip the same amount
of time.
 Use the same amount of water for each
type of paper.
 Use the same tools for testing each type
of the paper. (plastic plate, tweezers,
plastic cup)

Some students did an experiment to find out which type
of paper holds the most water. They repeated the
experiment 3 times, counting the number of squares
used. Their data is shown in the table below.
Number of Squares Needed to Absorb 25 Milliliters of Water
Type of
Paper
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Paper
Napkin
12
13
11
Paper
Towel
6
5
7
Tissue
10
8
9
What should the students do next to answer their question?
a. Show all the numbers in a bar graph.
b. Show all the numbers in a pile chart.
c. Find the average number of squares for each paper type.
d. Find the highest number of squares used in Test 1, 2, or 3.
What was being compared or tested in
the Catch It unit?
We compared the reaction times of
different people in the class.
Physical changes occur when objects undergo a change that
does not change their chemical nature. A physical change involves
a change in physical properties. Physical properties can be
observed without changing the type of matter. Examples of
physical properties include: texture, shape, size, color, odor, volume,
mass, weight, and density.
Carving wood is an example of a physical change.
Discuss how the following properties are changing?
Texture
 Shape
 Size
 Weight

Properties of matter – has mass and
takes up space.
Identify the following as a solid,
liquid or gas. Discuss how it has
mass and takes up space.
Chocolate
is a solid. It has
a definite shape
and size.
Helium in the balloon
is a gas. It takes up
Space in the balloon.
Milk is a liquid. It takes
the shape of its
container.
A. length
B. pattern
C. shape
D. volume
That is correct. It will
harden and change
back to a solid because
heat was taken away.
This is an example of a physical change. The substance is still chocolate
whether it is on the stove or in the refrigerator. The only things that have
changed are its physical properties.
In this picture a chemical change took
place when vinegar and baking soda
were poured into a bottle. The balloon
was placed on top and blown up. What
evidence tells you a chemical change took
place?
Iron oxide or rust forms on an iron nail that has been
outside and exposed to rain. The iron in the nail
chemically reacts with the oxygen in the rain to form a
new substance which is iron oxide or the solid rust.
A chemical change has taken place!!!!

Evaporation is when water passes from a
liquid phase to a gas phase. Rates of
evaporation of water depend on things
like the temperature, humidity, and wind.
The water in the teapot is an example of a
liquid. When heat is added, steam is
formed which is an example of a gas.
This whole process is evaporation.
A statue and a table are both made
of the same type of marble. Which
of the following physical properties will
most likely be the same for both of
these objects?
A. size
B. shape
C. weight
D. hardness
The picture below shows a frozen juice bar.
The frozen juice bar was placed on a table and
left to melt. Which of the following properties of the
juice bar will change the most once it melts?
A. color
B. mass
C. shape
D. volume
Which of the following statements
describes one way that solids are
different from liquids?
A. Solids have weight and liquids do not.
B. Solids take up space and liquids do not.
C. Solids have a definite shape and liquids do not.
D. Solids have a definite volume and liquids do not.
Which of the following statements best
explains why the water changed to ice?
A. The water gained energy.
B. The water absorbed light.
C. Mass was released from the water.
D. Heat was taken away from the water.
Water is commonly found on Earth in three states of matter: solid,
liquid, and gas. In everyday life, water often changes from one
form to another form.
A. Describe one example of water changing from a liquid to a
solid.
B. For the example you gave in part (a), explain what caused
this change.
C. Describe one example of water changing from a liquid to a
gas.
D. For the example you gave in part (c), explain what caused
this change.