Latin-American Collaboration in Nuclear
Physics
Alinka Lépine-Szily
Instituto de Física-USP
São Paulo, Brazil
Two-Day Symposium on International Nuclear Science of the
IUPAP Working Group WG.9 TRIUMF on July 2-4, 2010
CHART OF SANTIAGO
The “Association of Latin American Nuclear Physics and
Applications” (ALANPA) was formed in Santiago, Chile on
Dec. 19, 2009, by representatives of Argentina, Brazil,
Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela.
In Spanish is called “Asociación Latino Americana de Física Nuclear
y Aplicaciones” ALAFNA
In Portuguese is called “Associação Latino Americana de Física
Nuclear e Aplicações” ALAFNA
Chairs of ALANPA: Andrés Kreiner (Argentina)
Alinka Lépine-Szily (Brazil)
Steering Committee (SC) of ALANPA is formed by
the 15 original founders:
Ricardo Alarcon (Arizona State Univ., USA)
Hugo Arellano (U. of Chile, Chile)
Haydn Barros (U.Simon Bolivar, Venezuela)
Maria Ester Brandan (UNAM, Mexico)
Roelof Bijker (UNAM, Mexico)
Laszlo Sajo Bohus (U.Simon Bolivar, Venezuela)
Fernando Cristancho (UNal, Colombia)
Paulo Gomes (U. Fed. Fluminense, Brazil)
Carlos Granja(Inst.Exp.Appl.Phys. Czech Tech.U. Czech Rep.)
Andrés Kreiner (Tandar, CNEA, Argentina)
Alinka Lépine-Szily (USP, Brazil)
Rubens Lichtenthäler (USP, Brazil)
Modesto Montoya (Inst. Per. Em. Nucl., Peru)
Roberto Morales (U. of Chile, Chile)
Alberto Pacheco (Tandar, CNEA, Argentina)
Objectives of ALANPA (ALAFNA)
To strengthen ties among the Latin American Communities
doing nuclear research and applications to foster
collaborations and promotion of activities,
To educate the scientific community and the general public
through the promotion of nuclear physics and the
peaceful uses of nuclear technology,
To do periodic overall assessments of nuclear science in
Latin America in the context of world wide activities,
and
To discuss at a multi-national level future planning of
nuclear science activities in Latin America
Role of the Steering Committee:
-establishment of ALANPA governance rules
-divulgation of ALANPA in the scientific community
-divulgation of ALANPA within governments of Latin
America with interest in nuclear science and applications
ALANPA homepage will be installed in the very near future
on the website of the next “Latin American Symposium on
Nuclear Physics and Applications” july 18-22,2011, Quito,
Ecuador
http://www.lasnpa-quito2011.org/
Latin American Symposia on Nuclear Physics and
Applications
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Caracas, Venezuela
Caracas, Venezuela
San Andrés, Colombia
Ciudad de México, México
Santos, Brazil
Iguazu, Argentina
Cuzco, Peru
Santiago, Chile
Quito, Ecuador
Scope: the dissemination of the major theoretical and experimental
advances in the field of nuclear science and its applications.
The main topics to be covered are: Nuclear Structure and Reactions,
Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics, Cosmic Rays, Hadron Structure
and Phases of Nuclear Matter, Tests of Fundamental Symmetries
and Properties of Neutrinos, Nuclear Instrumentation and Facilities:
Radiation Detectors and Sources, and Applications in Medicine
(Biomedical Imaging, Radiotherapy),Art/Archeology, Energy, Space and
International Security.
General Informations on the status of
Nuclear Physics in
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Mexico
Venezuela
Ecuador
Colombia
Peru
Nuclear Physics and Applications in
Argentina and Cooperation in Latin
America
A.J.Kreiner1,2,3.
1Departamento de
Física, CNEA, Atomic Energy Commission Arg.
2Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología. Universidad de San Martin, Arg.
3CONICET (National Research Council), Argentina.
NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND
APPLICATIONS IN ARGENTINA
• Institutions and locations
1.
National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA)
1.1 Buenos Aires (Centro Atomico Constituyentes), Physics Department
(currently Gerencia de Investigacion y Aplicaciones, Laboratorio
TANDAR)
1.2 Prov. Buenos Aires (Centro Atomico Ezeiza)
1.3 Bariloche (Centro Atomico Bariloche)
2.
School of Science and Technology-University
of San Martin (ECyT-UNSAM)
Prov. Buenos Aires, Migueletes Campus.
3. Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences- University
of Buenos Aires (FCEyN-UBA)
3.1 Buenos Aires
4.
5.
Faculty of Sciences- National University of La Plata
Favaloro University
1.1 Research Programs
The main experimental and theoretical research lines
related to Nuclear Physics and its applications are the
following:
• Low-energy nuclear physics: Nuclear structure,
nuclear reactions, collective nuclear excitations and
giant resonances, break-up reactions and their
influence on fusion reactions involving weakly bound
nuclei; fusion barrier distributions.
• High-energy nuclear physics: Hadronic models based
on QCD. Phase structure of strong interactions.
1.1 Research Programs (Cont.)
• Applied Nuclear Physics: A result of basic research activities has been
•
•
•
•
the application of various experimental nuclear physics techniques to other
fields of knowledge:
biomedicine, radiobiology, environmental science, material science, nuclear
astrophysics.
Techniques developed and available: Ion Beam Analysis (HIRBS, PIXE,
NRA,..); External Beam Irradiations, Neutron Production, Accelerator Mass
Spectrometry (AMS). Proton irradiations to qualify satellite components (solar
cells and electronic circuits).
In the biomedical area a project is worth mentioning related to acceleratorbased Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), including the development of
a high intensity low-energy proton accelerator and a SPECT tomograph.
Recently this program has widened to start with the development of accelerator
technology aimed at nuclear transmutation of highly radiotoxic waste coming
from the Argentine power reactors (30 people).
A heavy ion microbeam facility for the study of biological and physical
problems with high spatial resolution has ben operational for several years.
High aspect ratio micromachining is available. PIXE and other IBA’s.
• Astroparticle physics (Auger projects and extensions).
• Number of scientists: ~80
Major facility: TANDAR 20 MV Tandem
(Pelletron)
Facility's major experimental instrumentation and its capabilities:
• - QDD magnetic spectrometer.
• - Microbeam facility (beam spots of about 1μ2) with high resolution X-ray
detection.
• - External beam irradiation facility with on-line dose determination.
• - Heavy-ion identification based on a time-of-flight facility (start and stop
signals derived from microchannel plates) followed by a Bragg spectrometer or
solid state detectors.
• - 30-inch diameter multipurpose scattering chamber.
• - Irradiation chamber for the simulation of outer-space environmental
conditions.
• Ion implanter.
• Number of actual, active users of the facility: 51
• Number of a) permanent staff, as scientific, technical, and administrative staff,
employed by the lab: 46 and b) temporary staff (including graduate students
and postdoctoral researchers on the facility’s payroll): 12
Tandar accelerator
tower with SF6
storage spheres.
20 MV Tandem
at CNEA Buenos
Aires.
Other CNEA centers
• 1.2 EZEIZA Atomic Center: Isotope production (40 MeV proton
Cyclotron). Nuclear metrology (radiation measurements,
standards for gammas, betas, neutrons). Reactor physics (RA-3
research reactor). BNCT with reactors. 60Co irradiators. Isotope
production. (150 people).
• 1.3 BARILOCHE Atomic Center: Neutron physics (electron
LINAC for neutron production thru photonuclear reactions, 10
people). Reactor physics and engineering RA-6 (School of Nuclear
Engineering). Clinical trials in BNCT (4). Auger physics (4).
• 1.4 School of Nuclear medicine (Mendoza). PET center in
association with National Cancer Institute (Buenos Aires).
Other Institutions
• 2. ECYT-UNSAM
Medical physics (radiotherapy, nuclear medicine,
imaging modalities; 5 + many CNEA)
• 3. FCEyN-UBA
Statistical mechanics applications to nuclear physics
(theory, 2). Involvement in CERN experiments (1).
• 4. La Plata
Nuclear structure and weak interactions (theory, 3
people). Auger physics (6).
• 5.Favaloro
Engineering in Medical Physics (several CNEA).
NUCLEAR PHYSICS RESEARCH IN
BRAZIL
Alinka Lépine-Szily
Instituto de Física-USP
São Paulo, Brazil
Number of scientists and graduate students in
In
Nuclear Physics in Brasil in 2010
2005
(underestimated)
96
25
170
291
2005:
2009:
1999:
2004:
2009:
63 universities
131 universities (http://www.universidades.com.br/brasil.htm)
2.7 millions of students, 6.9%
4.16 millions of students
4.88 millions of students, 13.9%
SP
Research Programs:
Low-energy nuclear physics:T,E
Low energy reaction and structure studies with stable and
radioactive beams, break-up, fusion, nuclear astrophysical
reactions, Gamma-spectrosopy, nuclear structure with
light-ion transfer reactions.
T: 3-body description of halo nuclei, fusion models for
superheavies, weak-interaction for r-process
High-energy nuclear physics:
Theory:
Hadronic models in QCD, Phases of nuclear matter,
nuclear astrophysics within relativistic models(hadronic
and quark
stars),
1111118th 118th Intn Few-Body Problems in PhysIcs 8th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in PhysIcs
Experimental: Auger project
STAR collaboration at RHIC, Alice collaboration at LHC
PHENIX collaboration at RHIC, Atlas collab. at LHC
Research programs:
Applied Nuclear Physics:
1. Radiation Physics
Material analysis using ionic beams
PIXE, RBS, external beam, ERDA, PIGE
(8MV Pelletron tandem, 1.7MV Pelletron tandem USP)
Atomic Mass Spectrometry (USP, UFF)
Instrumentation for detectors and electronics (IPEN)
Gamma and X-ray spectrometry for material analysis.
Dating, art and archeology
2. Medical Physics
Radioisotope production (67Ga,201Tl,111In,18F,123I, IPEN))
3D Imaging detectors, dosimetry
Accelerators in Brazil
(not dedicated to NP)
LNLS- Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, Campinas
1.37 GeV,250mA
The only light source in Latin-America
Research in material science, biology, medical
science, chemistry. 1100 users
Cyclotrons for isotope production at CNEN, hospitals.
Research Reactor at CNEN-IPEN of 5MW
Major Facility for Nuclear Physics research
8 MV Pelletron Tandem
University of São Paulo: Institute of Physics
8 MV tandem
3-5 MeV.A
RIBRAS
Local facility: Very important for graduate student training, 56 MS and PhD
thesis in last 10 years
Facility´s major experimental
instrumentation and capabilities:
1. Radioactive Ion Beam Brasil
(RIBRAS) 2 superconducting solenoids
can select and focus radioactive beams
produced by transfer reactions B=6.5T.
2. Two large position sensitive
neutron
detectors (Neutron wall)
3. Gamma-ray+charged particle
spectrometer (SACI-PERERE)
4. Enge split-pole spectrometer
5. Multi-purpose scattering chamber.
6. Large scattering chamber
Present beams at RIBRAS
Ion
6He
6He
8Li
7Be
7Be
8B
primary beam energy(MeV)
30.
20.
30
30
30
30
reaction production rate
(/ 1A of primary beam)
9Be(7Li,6He)
9Be(7Li,6He)
9Be(7Li,8Li)
3He(6Li,7Be)
3He(7Li,7Be)
3He(6Li,8B)
10+6 p/s
10+5 p/s
10+6 p/s
4x10+5 p/s
2x10+5 p/s
(?)
present primary beam 6,7Li intensities ~ 300 nAe
Elastic, inelastic scattering, transfer reactions, reaction
cross section, break-up cross section, astrophysical Sfactors, induced by radioactive beams
Highlights of the SP. Pelletron Lab.
Elastic scattering of light halo projectile:6He
Total reaction cross-section: 6He+27Al, 6He+51V, 6He+120Sn
σRred
Production of light elements in primordial nucleosynthesis:
Primordial Nucleosynthesis  without
the participation of the unstable nuclei
Primordial
Nucleosynthesis  with
the participation of the
unstable nuclei:
p-rich: 8B, 9C,11C
n-rich:8Li,9Li, 11Be etc
Non-homogeneous primordial nucleosynthesis:
8Li(4He,n)11B, bridges de A=8 gap
8Li(p,4He)5He main reaction which destroys the 8Li.
Was measured at RIBRAS with 8Li beam, thick CH2 target,
inverse kinematics, excitation function, from Ecm=0.4 to 2.7 MeV
R-matrix
calculations
for the 9Be
resonances,
including
0.605, 1.58
and 1.77 MeV
P. Descouvemont private communication
Main Institutions:
1. São Paulo state (80% experimental, 35% theoretical
-
activity)
São Paulo USP E, T research in low, high energy nuclear physics
IFT/UNESP Hadronic models in QCD, 3-body models of halo
nuclei T
ITA 3-body models of halo nuclei , relativistic nuclear structure T
Unicamp; Auger project, RHIC, LHC E
IPEN: gamma spectrosopy, instrumentation and applications E
2.
Rio de Janeiro
UFRJ Theoretical studies of Nuclear Reactions, Hadron Physics T
UFF Low energy Nuclear Reactions T,E
AMS E
CBPF Hadron Physics, fusion models for SHE, r-process T
3. Southern states, Paraná, UEL, applications, Gamma and X-ray
spectrometry for material analysis E
Santa Catarina, UFSC nuclear astrophysics within relativistic
models(hadronic and quark stars) T
Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, FURG hadron physics using QCD T
International Collaborations:
Experimental:
1.Strong collaboration between Pelletron (USP) -Tandar
Argentina and UFF (Niteroi, Brasil) Pro-Sul CNPq-CONICET
2. STAR, PHENIX collaboration at RHIC
3. Alice collaboration at LHC
5. Collaborations: FAIR, Legnaro, Catania, Sevilla, Madrid,
Lisboa, U. Notre Dame, CNS-U.Tokyo, GANIL, ANU
Theory:
U.La Plata (Arg.), Cuba, U. Coimbra, Tandar, National
Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of
Sciences , Oxford Univ., Univ. Tennessee, Univ. Sydney,
Univ. Aarhus.
Difficulties: Small groups, Heavy travel
expenses, little money for graduate students
Nuclear Physics in Chile
Roberto Morales
Universidad de Chile
1.- ¿ Dónde se hace Física Nuclear, ciudades, laboratorios, universidades?
Sólo en Santiago hay actividad en Física Nuclear
2. Instalaciones experimentales.
En la Universidad de Chile, UCH.
Acelerador Van de Graaff. 3.75 MeV
Sistemas de espectroscopía gamma, rayos X, alfa
En la Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, CCHEN
Un reactor de investigación de 5 MW. En La Reina. Operativo
Activación neutrónica
Producción de radioisótopos, Tc-99m, I-131
Espectroscopia gamma
Laboratorio de plasma
Laboratorio y Servicio de Dosimetría
Ciclotrón de 18 MeV para F-18
Un reactor de investigación de 10 MW. En Lo Aguirre. No opera
Irradiador gamma
Prompt gamma
3.- Recursos humanos.-´
Investigadores Universidad de Chile
Arellano, Hugo
Cancino, Simón
Dinator, Maria I.
Morales, J. Roberto
Miranda, Pedro
Dr.
M.Cs.
M.Cs.
Dr.
Dr.
UCH
UCH
UCH
UCH
UCH
*
UNIVERSITY OF CHILE VAN DE GRAAFF LABORATORY
P.A. Miranda, M. A. Chesta, S. A. Cancino, J. R. Morales, M. I. Dinator, J. A. Wachter and C. Tenreiro
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 248 (2006) 150-154
Colaboradores
Robert Flocchini.
Javier Miranda.
Andrea Seelenfreund.
Rafael Correa.
Sergio Montes.
Claudio Tenreiro.
Mario Ávila.
Raúl Morales.
Margarita Préndez.
Diego Salazar.
Raúl Muñoz.
UC Davis, California, U.S.A.
UNAM, México.
Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano
Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana
Universidad de Santiago
Universidad de Talca
Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear
Fac. Ciencias, Universidad de Chile
Fac. Ciencias Química y Farmacéutica. U. de Chile
Fac. Ciencias Sociales. U. de Chile
Fac. de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas. U. de Chile
Nuclear Physics in Mexico
Roelof Bijker and
María Ester Brandan
UNAM
Where?
• UNAM, DF, Instituto de Física, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares,
Fac de Ciencias
• ININ and Univ. Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca
• Cinvestav, DF y Mérida
• Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa
• Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla
• Universidad Michoacana San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia
• Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas
• Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
Mexican Physics Society (SMF)
Medical
Physics
Radiation
Physics
Nuclear
Physics
Cosmic rays
Particles
and Fields
How many?
• About 20 (10) in basic research and its
instrumentation
• About 30 (10) in applied nuclear physics
and its instrumentation
• Graduate students: About 50
Subjects: Basic science
• Nuclear structure (symmetries, cluster models,
nuclear masses, double b decay) T
• Hadronic physics (LE QCD, quark models) T
• Cosmic rays (Pyramid of the Sun, HAWC) E
• Neutron physics, fundamental symmetries E
• International collaborations: T, E
–
–
–
–
ALICE (IFUNAM, ICNUNAM, Cinvestav, BUAP, UAS)
Auger (ICNUNAM)
RIB ORNL, Notre Dame (IFUNAM, ICNUNAM)
LANL (IFUNAM)
Subjects: Applied science
• Medical physics (IFUNAM, ICNUNAM,
School of Medicine UNAM, UAZ) E
• Radiation physics E
– RBS, PIXE, other techniques
Experimental facilities
• 6 MV Tandem (ININ)
• 0.7 and 5.5 MV Van de Graaf and 3 MV
Pelletron (IFUNAM)
• Instrumentation laboratories
– Pyramid of the Sun and HAWC (IFUNAM)
– Detector lab (ICNUNAM)
– Instrumentation labs (Puebla and UMSNH)
Nuclear Physics and Applications in Ecuador
Institutions
/
activity
www.epn.edu.ec
Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Quito
Dept. de Física y Astronomía
Dept. de Ciencias Nucleares
linac
Co irradiator
Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito
• Bulk irradiations (electron, gamma)
• Atomic absorption (X-rays, UV)
• Fluorescence and mass analysis
• Particle physics (D0 Fermilab)
www.usfq.edu.ec
„National Bureau of Control, License and Studies of Nuclear Sciences“ (former Atomic Energy Commission)
Dependency of the Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy
Laboratories (e.g. Dosimeter and radiation monitor calibration).
Oncology Society SOLCA, Quito
commercial radiotherapy linacs (e–,g)
Hospitals (oncology), Quito, Guayaquil
commercial radiotherapy linacs (e–,g)
www.meer.gov.ec
• Regulations, safeguards
• Nuclear techniques (element analysis)
• Medical Physics
• Radiotherapy (electron, photon)
www.solca.med.ec
• Radiotherapy treatments (electron, photon)
Nuclear Physics in VENEZUELA
Universidad de los Andes
LASER
Spectrometer δ18
High Energy Group (3 Ph.D) Dr. Luis Nuñez
Hydrogeology Group (2 Ph.D) Dr. Hervé Jegat
OIEA
I.V.I.C.
60-Co Irradiation Facility. Ing. Paolo Traversa
Secondary Calibration Lab. Dr. Lila Carrizalez
Medical Physics Masters Courses
Official National Training Courses in Radioprotection
Environmental Radioactivity
Universidad Central de Venezuela
Medical Physics Masters Courses. Dr. Rafael Martín (20-25 students / year)
Lab. Applications Nuclear Tech. In Industry. Dr. Héctor Constan. (L.Cintillation)
Ministery of Energy
Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, National Nuclear Authority. Dr. Héctor Constan
Regularions & Permissions.
Training (Through IAEA)
Monitoring for evaluations and permissions (Gamma Spectroscopy).
Univ. Centro Occ. Lizandro Alvarado
TXRF – Chemistry Department. Dra. Lué Meru Marco
Hospitals & Private Centres
Ciclotron (18F), PET, LINAC, Gamma Ch., MRI, CT, etc. Dra. Aisa Manzo
Universidad Simon Bolivar
(www.nuclear.fis.usb.ve)
Last Five years
Researchers 8
New Professionals 29
Prof. L. Sajo-Bohus
Ph.D. Physics 2
Prof. E. Greaves
M.Sc. Physics 2
Dr. P. Nemeth
M.Sc. Chemistry 2
Prof. J. Liendo
M.Sc. Eng. Electronic 1
Prof. D. Palacios
B.Sc. Physics: 12
Prof. H. Barros
B.Sc. Chemistry 5
Prof. M. Bernal
B.Sc. Biology 1
Prof. F. Rodríguez
Electric & Electronic Eng. 6
Support Staff 3
Postgraduate abroad 12
Techniques and devices
Ion Implanter (0,4 MeV)
Neutron Source (Cf)
Alpha (Si) & Gamma Spectrometry (HPGe)
TXRF & DRX
TLD and SSNTD
Co & Cs intense sources
BGO, NaI(Tl) and Cherenkov
Abroad
NAA
2 Tech. + 1 Adm.
Ion Beam Analysis
Students 8
Ph.D. 5
M.Sc. 6
B.Sc. 5
AMS, ICPMS & TIMS
OIEA
Física nuclear y aplicaciones en el Perú
El Instituto Peruano de Energía Nuclear (IPEN)
cuenta con un reactor de investigación de 10 MW,
en el cual se produce radioisótopos para medicina y
se realiza análisis químicos por activación neutrónica.
Se tiene también una facilidad de neutrografía.
El IPEN en colaboración con la Universidad Nacional
de Ingeniería se realiza simulación de experimentos
de fisión y experimentos de física de reactores.
Un grupo de la Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú
trabaja en el experimento ALICE con el grupo de
México en el CERN.
Conclusions:
Most countries in the region have small activity in
basic Nuclear Physics research. Mostly radiation
and medical applications. Very small number of
scientists.
Exceptions: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico
Region has no large scale facilities in NP and no
plans.
Small support from funding agencies even for
maintenance of existing facilities.