1607
First permanent English
Settlement
1492
Christopher Columbus discovered America
1494
Line of Demarcation Treaty of
Tordesillas saying Spain can colonize and trade west of the line and Portugal east of the line
1215
Magna Carta limited power of the king of England
1216
English Bill of Rights guaranteed certain rights to citizens
1619
Establishment of House of
Burgesses, first representative assembly in America

1619
First introduction of slavery and women to Virginia colony
1620
Mayflower Compact beginning of self-government by Colonists
1620
Plymouth colony was the first colony established in the
Northeast
1700
Age of Reason/ Enlightenment
Movement, in Europe emphasized scientific method and use of reason to explain the world
1730-40
Great Awakening, religious movement in colonies
1774
First Continental Congress, organized 13 colonies

Benjamin Franklin
Enlightenment thinker/ inventor
Oldest delegate to
Constitutional convention
King George III
King of England during
American Revolution
Cornwallis
British general who lost at Yorktown
John Smith
Saved Jamestown
1639
Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut, first written constitution in new world
1660
Navigation Acts, series of laws passed by England to regulate colonists’ trade so England would make money

Poor Richard’s Almanac by Ben
Franklin, was a book giving advice and sayings
Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel
Hawthorne was a novel about
Puritan punishment
Leatherstocking Tales:
“Pathfinder,” “Deer Slayer” and
“Last of the Mohicans” by James
Fenimore Cooper were novels about life in the American frontier
“Common Sense” by
Thomas Paine was a pamphlet about the ideas of independence
“The Crisis” by Thomas Paine was a pamphlet with the quote,
“…these are the times that try men’s souls”
“…we shall be like a city upon a hill…”
John Winthrop

Separation of church and state –
Roger Williams
“holy experiment”
William Penn about Pennsylvania
“I believe that I can save this nation and that no one else can…” William Penn
“Join or die…” from the Albany
Plan of Union
Ben Franklin
“…these United colonies are…and of right ought to be, free and independent states…”
Richard Henry Lee
Bifocals
Ben Franklin

Joint-stock company Burgesses
Representative government Toleration
Racism Proprietary Colony

Apprentice
Exports
Imports
Enumerated articles
Indentured servant Triangular trade

Separation of
Church and State
Mercantilism
1754-63
French and Indian War removed
French from North America and began problems between
England and colonies
1763
Treaty of Paris officially ended French and
Indian War
1770
Boston Massacre was where first civilians were killed by
British soldiers
1773
Boston Tea Party – was the key symbolic act of the colonists of disapproval of lack of representation in English government

1775 1776
Shot Heard Round the World at
Lexington/ Concord, marked
Declaration of Independence, formally separated colonists from beginning of Revolutionary War England
1781
Revolutionary War, ends at the
Battle of Yorktown
George Washington
General of the Continental Army
Thomas Jefferson wrote Declaration of
Independence
Paul Revere warned colonists,”The British are coming!”

Crispus Attucks
1 st African American killed at the
Boston Massacre
John Paul Jones
American Captain/hero during
American Revolution
Daniel Shays led groups of 2,000 farmers to save farms
Benedict Arnold traitor to Patriot cause
Samuel Adams founder of Sons of Liberty, group that organized Boston Tea Party
Abigail Adams
“Remember the women…”

Proclamation of 1763 colonists forbidden by England to settle west of Appalachian
Mountains
1764
Sugar Act - tax on molasses, one event leading to revolution
1765
Stamp Act – tax on legal documents, newspapers, licenses, diplomas, dice, playing cards, one event leading to revolution
1766
Quartering Act – British soldiers could stay in colonists’ homes
1766
Tea Act – lead to the Boston Tea
Party
1774
Intolerable Acts – Britain punishes colonists severely for the Boston Tea Party

1775
Olive Branch Petition – colonists declare loyalty to King George III but ask him to cancel Intolerable
Acts
1783
Treaty of Paris – officially ended
American Revolution. US was recognized as a nation by
England.
“Paul Revere’s Ride”, poem by
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow:
“Listen my children and you shall hear…”
“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”,
“Rip Van Winkle” tales by
Washington Irving set in New
York and New Netherlands
“Concord Hymn” poem by Ralph
Waldo Emerson portrayed the
“I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.” spirit of American Revolution Nathan Hale

“If this be treason, make the most of it.”
Patrick Henry
“No taxation without representation”
Patrick Henry
“Give me liberty or give me death!”
Patrick Henry
“…shot heard round the world”
Ralph Waldo Emerson
“Come out you old rat…”
Ethan Allen
“Dig men, dig for your lives!”
William Prescott

“Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes!”
William Prescott
“I have not yet begun to fight!”
John Paul Jones
“We shall all hang together or surely hang separately!”
Ben Franklin
“Oh, God! It’s all over.
Lord North
“The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot…”
Thomas Paine
“(tis time to part…)”
Thomas Paine

“These are the times that try men’s souls…”
Thomas Paine
“The British are coming!”
Paul Revere
We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness… Declaration of
Independence
“…our lives, our fortunes, our sacred honor.”
Thomas Jefferson
Committee of
Correspondence
Militia

Minutemen
Traitor
Loyalists
Blockade
Patriots
Boycott

Repeal Nonimportation agreements
Writs of assistance Sons of Liberty
1776
Articles of Confederation – 1 st
American constitution created weak national government
1786
Shay’s Rebellion – demonstrated need for stronger government

1787
Constitutional Convention – meeting to revise Articles of
Confederation resulting in new form of government
1787
Federalist Papers – written arguments for a strong central government
1789
Washington elected President
1791
Bill of Rights – First 10
Amendments guarantee individual freedoms; gained support for the Constitution to be ratified
Roger Sherman wrote the Great
Compromise
Alexander Hamilton
Head of Federalists

George Washington president 1789 – 1797
Federalist
Father of his Country
John Adams president 1797 – 1801
Federalist
Duke of Braintree
Thomas Jefferson president 1801 – 1809
Democratic-Republican
Red Fox
James Madison president 1809 – 1817
Democratic-Republican
Father of the Constitution
1787
1785
Land Ordinance of 1785 – set up system for settling Northwest
Great Compromise between New
Jersey Plan and Connecticut
Plan gave us two houses in
Territory
Congress

1787
Three-fifths Compromise –
Northern and Southern states agreed to count 3/5 of slaves
1787-88
Constitution created
1793
Neutrality Proclamation –
Washington declares U.S. will not support either side in war in
Europe
1798
Alien Act – allowed president to expel any foreigner who was thought to be dangerous to country
1798
Sedition Act – citizens could be fined or jailed for criticizing elected officials
1803
Marbury vs. Madison – Supreme
Court can decide if a law violates the Constitution

McCullough vs. Maryland – curbed states’ rights
“Steer clear of permanent alliances…”
George Washington
“Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”
“We are all Republicans; we are all Federalists”
John Adams Thomas Jefferson
Ratify Constitution

Override
Bill of Rights
Executive branch
Judicial review
Legislative branch
Judicial branch

Compromise Separation of powers
Elastic clause Federalism
Impeach Federalist

Appropriated
Anti-Federalist
Due process
Laissez faire
Amend
Appeal

6 goals of Preamble Unconstitutional
Tariff/tax/duty Necessary and proper
Standing committees Joint committees

Democratic Impressments
Constituents Executive agreements
Jury Checks and balances

Bond
Alien
Embargo
National Debt
Speculator
Nullify

Veto
Bill
Sedition
Nationalism
Cabinet
Republic

Precedent Electoral College
Mason-Dixon Line
1790’s Industrial Revolution – beginning of mass production, interchangeable parts, lower cost of goods, factory system, urbanization
1803
Louisiana Purchase – land bought from France by Jefferson doubling size of US
1812
War of 1812 – War with England over impressments of sailors

1823
Monroe Doctrine – stated noninterference of European nations in Western Hemisphere
1845 annexation and Statehood of
Texas
1835-38
Trail of Tears – Native
Americans were forced West to
Oklahoma by Andrew Jackson
1846
Mexican War – territories which became California, New Mexico,
Nevada, Arizona, Colorado were gained
1848
Seneca Falls convention – first organized convention for women’s suffrage
1848-49
California Gold Rush – search for gold caused settlement of the
West

Lewis and Clark – explored new lands of Louisiana Purchase
Andrew Jackson – hero of Battle of New Orleans, became president
1837
Horace Mann – Head of State
School Board of New York; proponent of public education for all
1837
Mary Lyon – founded Mount
Holyoke Female Seminary, first women’s college in U.S.
1841-60 opened grade school in Boston; improved conditions in hospitals and prisons; eliminated debtors in prisons
1848
Elizabeth Cody Stanton – helped write Declaration of Sentiments at Seneca Falls Convention

1840’s
Susan B. Anthony
Women’s rights organizer
James Monroe
President 1817-1825
Democratic-Republican
Last of the Cocked Hats
Andrew Jackson
President 1829-1837
Democrat
Old Hickory
1840’s
Elizabeth Blackwell
First women with medical degree; started first nursing school
John Quincy Adams
President 1825-1829
Democratic-Republican
Old Man Eloquent
Martin Van Buren
President 1837-1841
Democrat
Little Magician

William Henry Harrison
President 1841
Whig
Old Tippecanoe
James K. Polk
President 1845 – 1849
Democrat
Young Hickory
Millard Fillmore
President 1850 – 1853
Whig
Last of the Whigs
John Tyler
President 1841-1845
Whig
His Accidency
Zachary Taylor
President 1849
Whig
– 1850
Old Rough and Ready
Franklin Pierce
President 1853-1857 Democrat
Handsome Frank

1795
Treaty of Greenville – Several
Native American tribes give up land for money
1807
Embargo Act – forbade
Americans to export or import any goods
1809
Nonintercourse Act
Americans could now trade with all nations except England and
France
1814
Treaty of Ghent – ended the War of 1812
1830
Indian Removal Act – Native
Americans forced west of the
Mississippi
1848
Mexican Cession – Mexico sold western lands to U.S.

1849
Missouri Compromise – Slavery permitted south of 36.30 degree parallel
Compromise of 1850 – compromise agreements concerning slavery in parts of the union and territories
1853
Gladsden Purchase – Mexico sold U.S. strip of land in presentday Arizona and New Mexico
1854
Kansas-Nebraska Act – divided
Nebraska territory in half and allowed slavery vote in both halves
Gibbons vs. Ogden
Steamboat case; monopoly
“The Raven” and “Murders in
Rue Morgue”, poems and stories by Edgar Allen Poe

Moby Dick novel by Herman
Melville about the whaling industry
“The people have no right to sell, not to each other, certainly not to strangers…Why not sell the air…? Tecumseh
“The Cherokees are nearly all prisoners…the property of many has been taken and sold before their eyes for almost nothing.”
Trail of Tears
“Remember the Alamo!” Battle cry of Texas Independence from
Mexico
“I will fight no more forever.”
Chief Joseph
1793
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney

1825
Steamboat
Robert Fulton
1825
Canal Locks
Erie Canal
1837
Telegraph and Morse Code
Samuel F.B. Morse
Late 1820’s
Photography
Louis Daguerre (Fr)
1830
Steam Locomotive
1846
Sewing Machine
Elias Howe

1847
Reaper
Cyrus McCormick
1836
Plow
John Deere
War Hawks
1860’s
Bessemer Process
Henry Bessemer
Interchangeable Parts
Eli Whitney
Capitalists

Factory system Interchangeable parts
Era of Good Feelings Old Hickory
Protective tariff American System

Suffrage
Caucus
Immigrant
Nominating conventions
Spoils system
Kitchen cabinet

Pet banks Manifest Destiny
Forty-niner Skilled/unskilled workers
Trade unions Mason-Dixon line

Nativist
1855
Bleeding Kansas
1859
Raid on Harper’s Fairy
1860
Election of Lincoln – lead to southern secession in 1861
1861-1865
Civil War – attempt for southern state to separate from the United
States and form own country
1863
Emancipation Proclamation –
Lincoln frees slaves in southern states

1865
Lincoln’s Death- changed reconstruction
Robert E. Lee
Confederate General
Stephen Douglas politician who supported popular sovereignty
Ulysses Grant
Union General
William Lloyd Garrison
Newspaper, The Liberator,
NE Antislavery Society
Frederick Douglas
Freed slave, speaker;
North Star

Sojourner Truth runaway slave
John Brown radical abolitionist who attacked proslavery settlers
Harriet Tubman
Underground Railroad
James Buchanan
President 1857-1861
Democrat
Ten-cent Jimmy
Grimke Sisters southern sisters who moved to
Philadelphia and became abolitionists
Abraham Lincoln
President 1961 – 1965
Republican
Honest Abe

1850
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 – demanded all citizens help catch runaway slaves
1857
Dred Scott Decision – slavery made legal in all territories
1865 – 13 th Amendment – banned slavery throughout nation
1866 – 14 th Amendment – gave citizenship to all people born in
U.S.
1869 – 15 th Amendment – gave voting rights to ALL U.S. citizens
“The Liberator”, paper by William
Lloyd Garrison spoke to abolition of slavery

Uncle Tom's Cabin, book by
Harriet Beecher Stowe, told of horrors of slavery
Leaves of Grass, book of poems by Walt Whitman, had “Captain! My Captain!”, poem about Lincoln’s assassination
“Essays on Civil
Disobedience” by Henry D.
Thoreau, said each person must decide what is right or wrong
Red Badge of Courage, novel by Stephen Crane about Civil War
“The Union – next to our liberty, most dear” -
John C. Calhoun
“If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that.” – Abraham Lincoln

“On the 1 st day of January in the year of our Lord 1863, all persons held as slaves within any state or…part of a state whose people…shall then be in rebellion against the U.S. shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free”
Emancipation Proclamation
“Ain’t I a woman?”
Sojourner Truth
“I have lost my right arm”
Robert E. Lee
“It’s all my fault.” Robert E.
Lee at Gettysburg Cemetery
Ridge
“We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom and that government of the people, by the people and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
“Leave nothing to invite the enemy to return. Destroy whatever cannot be consumed.”
Abraham Lincoln Gettysburg Address
William Sherman

“The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen again.”
Ulysses S. Grant
“A house divided against itself cannot stand.
I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the union to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.” Abraham Lincoln
“We worked in all waters. It was never too hot or too cold…Work, work, work…”
Fredrick Douglas
Tariff of Abominations
Nullification States’ Rights

Secede
Discrimination
Panic of 1837
Black codes
Abolitionists Underground Railroad

Temperance Movement Sectionalism
Popular sovereignty Fugitive
Border Ruffians
Confederate States of
America

Martial law Emancipate
Freedmen
1877
End of military reconstruction – troops removed from South
1868
Impeachment of Andrew
Johnson - First impeachment; not removed from office
Andrew Johnson –
President 1865-1869
National Union
Tennessee Taylor

Ulysses S. Grant –
President 1869 – 1877
Republican
Uncle Sam/Unconditional
Surrender
1867
Reconstruction Act – divided
South into 5 military districts
1896
Plessy vs. Ferguson – separate is equal
Tom Sawyer; Life on the
Mississippi, novel by Mark
Twain
“Corrupt bargain.” “Our federal union – it must be preserved!”
Andrew Johnson
“Damn the torpedoes…Full speed ahead…Tippecanoe and
Tyler, too…”
Admiral Perry

Temperance Movement Radical Republicans
Radical Reconstruction Scalawags
Sharecroppers Ku Klux Klan

Poll Taxes
Segregation
Grandfather clause
Literacy tests
Carpetbaggers
Freedmen