Chapter 17
PROGRESSIVISM
17.1 - Objectives
•
Identify the causes of Progressivism.
•
Analyze the role that journalists played in the Progressive
Movement.
•
Evaluate some of the social reforms that Progressives
tackled.
•
Explain what Progressives hoped to achieve through
political reforms.
17.1 - Terms and People
•
Progressivism – movement that responded to the pressures
of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms
•
muckraker – writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in
politics or business
•
Lincoln Steffens – muckraking author of Shame of the Cities;
exposed corruption in urban government
•
Jacob Riis – muckraking photographer and author of How The
Other Half Lives; exposed the condition of the urban poor
•
Jane Addams – leader in the settlement house movement
•
settlement house – community center that provided services
for the urban poor
•
Social Gospel – belief that following Christian principles could
bring about social justice
•
direct primary – allowed voters to select candidates rather
than having them selected by party leaders
17.1 - Terms and People (continued)
•
initiative – process in which citizens put a proposed new law
directly on the ballot
•
referendum – process that allows citizens to reject or accept
laws passed by their legislature
•
recall – process by which voters can remove elected officials
from office before their terms end
Progressivism
• A reform movement to change society for
the better.
• Industrialization and urbanization caused
opportunities but also problems.
• Progressives wanted to fix these
problems.
WHAT PROBLEMS DID
PROGRESSIVFES WANT TO FIX?
•
•
•
•
•
CORRUPT GOVERNMENT
UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES
LIFE OF THE URBAN POOR.
SAFETY IN THE WORK PLACE
SOCIAL INJUSTICES
THE AVERAGE PROGRESSIVE
•
•
•
•
•
WHITE
MIDDLE CLASS
COLLEGE EDUCATED
CITY DWELLER
FEMALE (SOME)
MUCKRAKERS
• Writers who wanted to fix the problems of
society were called Muckrakers.
• They investigated problems and than
wrote magazine articles, books or took
photographs so that people would become
angry and do something about the
problems.
Famous Muckrakers
1. Ida Tarbell Wrote about Standard Oil Company’s unfair
business practices that put her father out of
business
2. Jacob Riis
Wrote and took pictures of the living conditions
of the urban poor
3. Upton Sinclair Wrote The Jungle, about the unsanitary
condition of the Chicago meatpacking
industry
JANE ADAMS
• Wanted to help immigrants adjust to life in
America by offering them classes in
English, child care, and social services.
• She started the Settlement House
movement in the U.S. Her settlement
house that helped the poor and
immigrants was in Chicago. It was called
Hull House.
WORKING CONDITIONS
• Progressive reforms addressed working
conditions;
• Men, women and children sometimes worked 15
hours a day in factories and sweatshops.
• Wages were very low. A woman received half as
much as a man and a child half as much of what a
woman made.
•
A sick or injured worker was easily replaced by
cheap immigrant labor.
TRIANGLE FACTORY FIRE
• 1911- A fire breaks out at the Triangle
Factory (Asch Building in lower NYC). The
fire kills 146 Italian and Jewish garment
workers.
• The factory had no fire escape and the
door were locked to keep the workers from
leaving.
Worker safety
was an
important
issue to
Progressives.
In the early 1900s, the U.S. had the world’s
highest rate of industrial accidents.
VOTER REFORM
• Initiative People can start a law to be
voted on by the state legislature if enough
people sign a petition.
• Referendum People get to vote on a law
that the state passed in order to decide
whether or not to accept it or reject it.
• Recall People may vote an elected official
out of office if there are good reasons.
17.2
Women's Rights 1890-1920
Objectives
•
Analyze the impact of changes in women’s
education on women’s roles in society.
•
Explain what women did to win workers’
rights and to improve family life.
•
Evaluate the tactics women used to win
passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.
17.2 - Terms and People
•
Florence Kelley – founded the National
Consumer’s League (NCL)
•
National Consumer’s League (NCL) – group
that labeled and publicized “goods produced under
fair, safe, and healthy working conditions”
•
temperance movement – aimed at stopping
alcohol abuse and the problems created by it
•
Margaret Sanger – nurse who opened the first
birth control clinic
•
Ida B. Wells – helped to found the National
Association of Colored Women (NACW)
17.2 - Terms and People
(continued)
•
suffrage – the right to vote
•
Carrie Chapman Catt – president of the NAWSA,
campaigned to pass women’s suffrage at both the
state and national levels
•
National American Woman Suffrage
Association – group that worked on the state and
national levels to earn women the right to vote
•
Alice Paul – social activist, led women to picket
at the White House to get the right to vote
•
Nineteenth Amendment – 1919, constitutional
amendment that granted women the right to vote
Women Rights
• Women did not have the same rights as
men in the early 1900s.
• College educated women were not hired
and so many joined the Progressive
Movement
SUFFRAGE
• Woman fought for the right to vote.
• Alice Paul, head of the National Women’s Party,
along with many other suffragist, were arrested
and jailed for their role in fighting for equal
rights.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1HAjqFJTz8w
• 19th Amendment was added to the Constitution,
giving women the right to vote during President
Wilson’s term.
TEMPERANCE
• Many women joined the temperance movement.
• Many people believed that alcohol was society’s
biggest problem. It caused men to beat their
wives and drink up their paychecks in saloons.
• The Temperance Movement helped lead the
way to the passage of the 18th Amendment in
1919, which outlaws the manufacture, sale and
consumption of alcohol.
17.3
Civil Rights 1871–1914
Objectives
•
Analyze Progressives’ attitudes toward minority rights.
•
Explain why African Americans organized.
•
Examine the strategies used by members of other
minority groups to defend their rights.
17.3 - Terms and People
•
Americanization – belief that assimilating immigrants into
American society would make them more loyal citizens
•
Booker T. Washington – favored a gradualist approach for
blacks to earn rights through economic progress and
employment in the skilled trades
•
W.E.B. Du Bois – demanded immediate and full rights for
blacks as guaranteed by the Constitution
•
Niagara Movement – group of African American thinkers
founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms
•
National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP) – interracial organization founded in 1909
to abolish segregation and discrimination and achieve political
rights for African Americans
•
Urban League – organization to assist
working class
African Americans with relief, jobs, clothing, and schools
17.3 - Terms and People
(continued)
•
Anti-Defamation League – organization whose goal is to
defend Jews and others from false statements and verbal or
physical attacks
•
mutualistas – Mexican American groups that provided loans,
legal assistance, and disability insurance for members
DISCRIMINATION
• Progressives saw many immigrant
customs as bad behavior.
• They wanted the immigrants to replace
their customs to become more American.
• These efforts were called Americanization.
WHO WAS LEFT OUT OF THE
PROGRESSIVE REFORMS?
• Progressives did not address the problems
faced by African Americans;
Discrimination (housing, work, social)
– African Americans addressed their own
problems:
– Created the NAACP ( headed by W.E.B.Dubois)
AFRICAN AMERICANS ARE
SPLIT ON HOW TO END RACIAL
DISCRIMMINATION
• Booker T. Washington believed that
African Americans would gradually earn
equality by learning a skill in a trade.
• W.E.B Dubois believed African Americans
should demand equal rights immediately.
AFRICAN AMERICANS FIGHT
FOR EQUAL RIGHTS
• Progressives did not address the problems faced by
African Americans so they created their own
organizations.
• The NAACP was created after a 1908 riot in
Springfield, Illinois which killed many African
Americans. This organization demanded voting
and civil rights for African Americans. It was led
by W.E.B. Dubois
• The Urban League helped the poor find jobs,
housing, opportunity to et an education.
PROGRESSIVE
PRESIDENTS AND REFORM
How Society’s Problems were
fixed on the Federal and State
Level
17.4
Theodore Roosevelt’s Administration
17.4 - Objectives
• Discuss Theodore Roosevelt’s ideas on the role of
government.
• Analyze how Roosevelt changed the government’s role in the
economy.
• Explain the impact of Roosevelt’s actions on natural
resources.
• Compare and contrast Taft’s policies with Roosevelt’s.
17.4 - Terms and People
•
Theodore Roosevelt – President who passed Progressive
reforms and expanded the powers of the presidency.
•
Square Deal – Roosevelt’s program to keep the wealthy and
powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and
the poor
•
Hepburn Act – gave the Interstate Commerce Committee
power to limit railroad company prices
•
Meat Inspection Act – gave federal agents power to inspect
and monitor the meatpacking industry
•
Pure Food and Drug Act – gave the federal government
responsibility for insuring food and medicine are safe
•
John Muir – California naturalist who advocated for the
creation of Yosemite National Park
•
Gifford Pinchot – forestry official who proposed managing
the forests for later public use
Terms and People (continued)
•
National Reclamation Act – gave the federal government
power to decide where and how water would be distributed in
arid western states
•
New Nationalism – Roosevelt’s 1912 plan to restore the
government’s trust-busting power
•
Progressive Party – political party that emerged from the
Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party in 1912
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
BECOMES PRESIDENT
• President McKinley is assassinated and
Vice President Theodore Roosevelt
becomes president.
• He is one of three Progressive Presidents
that wants to improve life for all
Americans.
TR
• Conservationist
protected National
Parks and natural
resources from big
business
• Trustbuster (He was
known for getting rid of
“bad” trust that had
monopolies.
• Pure Food and Drug
Act
• Meat Inspection Act
(see The Jungle
Sinclair) by Upton
TR Runs for President in 1904
• Square Deal was his 1904 campaign
slogan. (He wanted to balance the
interests of all Americans to make life fair
for all Americans.)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzm2EB
YfyDghttp://
TR DECIDES TO RETIRE FROM
POLITICS
• TR wants to spend his time hunting and
enjoying nature. He decides not to run in
the 1908 Presidential election.
TAFT
• TR’s friend, William Howard Taft, wins the
presidency of 1908 but has a falling out
with TR after he did not follow through on
TR’s policies. What does he do that TR
doesn’t like?:
– Raises tariffs instead of lowering them.
– Does not protect Alaska’s natural resources
(coal and lumber)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNn48EFgybM
PROGRESSIVE PARTY
• TR forms the Progressive Party during the
election of 1912 when he decides to run against
his old friend Taft. Taft runs as the Republican
candidate.
• TR calls his new party the Progressive Party
(AKA: The Bull Moose Party)
• Both Taft and TR lose because they split the
Republican Party vote allowing Woodrow
Wilson, a Democrat, to win.
TR WAS a Republican but when he decided to run for re-election
In 1912, he formed a new party called the Progressive or Bull Moose
Party. Taft was the Republican candidate. THIS IA A PICTURE OF A REAL BULL
MOOSE. Why do you think TR called his party this name?
17.5
Wilson Administration
17.5 - Objectives
• Evaluate what Wilson hoped to do with his “New
Freedom” program.
• Describe Wilson’s efforts to regulate the economy.
• Assess the legacy of the Progressive Era.
17.5 - Terms and People
•
Woodrow Wilson – Progressive Democrat elected President
in 1912
•
New Freedom – Wilson’s program to place strict government
controls on corporations
•
Sixteenth Amendment – 1913 constitutional amendment
that gave Congress the power to impose an income tax
•
Federal Reserve Act – 1913 law that placed the national
banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board
•
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) – government agency
established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices,
false advertising, and dishonest labeling
•
Clayton Anti-trust Act – strengthened anti-trust laws by
spelling out specific practices in which businesses could not
engage
WOODROW WILSON – New Freedom
• Federal Reserve Act – Protects the money
supply by controlling banks
• Limits child labor
• Worker’s Compensation (payments for injury
on the job.)
• 16th Amendment (income tax)
• 17th Amendment (direct election of
senators)
• 18th Amendment (Prohibition of alcohol)
• 19th Amendment (women’s right to vote)