US HISTORY CH 4
Hamilton’s Program
•National government acquires debt from
revolution
•Pay back creditors with interest from tariffs
placed on imported goods
•Creation of Bank of the United States, 1st
national bank
Jefferson’s strict construction v.
Hamilton’s loose construction
•Jefferson believes the govt. should not do anything
that the constitution did not specifically say it can
do
•Hamilton believes the constitution is a loose
framework of laws on which the govt. could build the
nation as it saw fit
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
•People of France overthrow
government
•Divides people of the United States
•United States proclaims neutrality
THE WHISKEY REBELLION
Farmers angry over tax on whiskey
because whiskey was critically important
• Washington sends out national army to
dissolve rebellion
• Proves to Americans that govt. is
committed to enforcing laws
•
JAY’S TREATY
Negotiations between U.S. and
Britain
• Lost a lot of American support
•
JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANS
•
•
One of first political parties in U.S.
Stood for a more democratic
republic
JOHN ADAMS AS PRESIDENT
France is angry over Jay’s treaty and
begins undeclared war between France and
the U.S.
•
XYZ Affair – attempt to settle differences
•
U.S. diplomats are met by 3 agents (X,Y,
and Z) who suggest a bribe
•
Americans are outraged and deny
•
ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS
Alien Act – president can imprison or
deport any citizen from another country
• Sedition Act – any person who wrote,
published, or said anything false or
malicious about the U.S. govt. would be
fined or jailed
•
VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY
RESOLUTIONS
Many believe Sedition Act violates freedom of
speech
•
Debate over who decides whether act of
Congress goes beyond the powers stated in the
Constitution
•
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions say that states
decide if law was unconstitutional
•
If law is found unconstitutional then states would
declare law null and void
•
ELECTION OF 1800
•Jefferson v. Adams
•Jefferson wins popular vote but Electoral College is undecided
•House of Representatives appoints Jefferson to replace
Adams as president
•Jefferson appeals to those who prefer local to national govt.
Peaceful transfer of power
COURT ISSUES….
Judiciary Act of 1789 – explained organization of the
judicial branch of government
Judiciary Act of 1801 – decreased the number of
Supreme Court justices and increased the number of
judges in the circuit courts
Before Adams leaves office he appoints new judges to
the supreme court known as midnight judges
John Marshall – Chief Justice
Marbury v. Madison
• Jefferson tries to block Adams last minute
activities, orders Secretary of State James
Madison not to deliver orders to Marbury
appointing him as justice of peace
• Under Judiciary Act of 1789 Court requires
Madison to give Marbury the orders
JUDICIAL REVIEW
• Marshall rules against Marbury saying
the courts did not have the power to give
this order
• Establishes judicial review – power of
federal courts to review state laws and
court decisions
TURNING POINT: THE LOUISIANA
PURCHASE
•
Land Act of 1800 – allowed Americans to buy
land in small parcels and on credit
•
U.S. wants to buy the city of New Orleans
•
Napoleon is upset and offers to sell all of French
claims
•
U.S. gains Louisiana Purchase for $15 million
($11.25 for LP + war debts)
•
Lewis and Clark expedition to survey the land
JEFFERSON’S FOREIGN POLICY
•
After Jay’s treaty expires, relations with Europeans
worsen
•
U.S.S. Chesapeake – American ship attacked by British,
21 casualties
•
The Embargo of 1807 – restriction of trade between the
U.S. and Europe
•
Ruins Jefferson’s 2nd term because many Americans
did not like embargo
WAR IN THE OLD NORTHWEST
• British Canada helps Native Americans fight
against Americans
• Little Turtle and Blue Jacket defeat
Americans
• General “Mad Anthony” Wayne and
Legion of the United States defeat Native
Americans at Battle of Fallen Timbers
WAR OF 1812
• Native American attacks increase
• Many blame British
• Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun “War Hawks” –
favored a war with Britain
• Madison requests declaration of war from Congress
because of British impressments – forcing people into
military service
LAND WAR
•• Many British Victories
•• Americans win at Battle of Thames
NAVAL WAR
• • At first, Americans win numerous victories at sea
• • Americans defeated on the American warship
“Chesapeake”
• • James Lawrence – “Don’t give up the ship”
• • Battle on Lake Erie – American victory
• • Oliver Hazard Perry – “We have met the enemy, and he is
ours”
• • British take toll on Americans, blockade American coast
• • Burning of Washington D.C.
• • British invade and burn capitol Washington D.C.
• • Star Spangled Banner is written
• • Continue on through Baltimore
THE WAR ENDS
• Hartford Convention – called for amendment
to increase New England’s political power
• Treaty of Ghent – restored all boundaries
between the U.S. and British territory in North
America
• Battle of New Orleans – victory for the U.S., led
by Andrew Jackson, happened 2 weeks after
Treaty is signed
Citizens of the U.S. rather
than citizens of each
individual state
SUPPORTING THE NATIONAL BANK
• Maryland attempts to get rid of national
bank
• McCulloch v. Maryland – Congress has
the right “to make all laws necessary and
proper” for carrying out the powers
granted to it under the Constitution.
REGULATING COMMERCE
•Gibbons v. Ogden – federal
government has authority over
all types of interstate business
NATIONALISM ABROAD
•President Monroe wants to ease
tensions with Britain
•Concerned that European
countries would resume efforts to
colonize in Western Hemisphere
MONROE DOCTRINE
• 1. U.S. would not get involved in internal affairs of
European countries, nor take sides in wars among them
• 2. U.S. recognized the existing colonies and states in
Western Hemisphere and would not interfere with them
• 3. U.S. would not permit any further colonization in
Western Hemisphere
• 4. Any attempt by European power to control any
nation in the Western Hemisphere would be viewed as a
hostile action toward the U.S.
• 5. Bold declaration, but U.S. does not have power to
enforce