1. Identical copies of a chromosome
that are attached by a centromere
25% 25% 25% 25%
are called ______ .
ga
m
et
es
es
ol
Ce
nt
ri
at
om
ch
r
sis
te
r
ho
m
ol
o
go
u
sp
ai
r
id
s
a homologous pair
sister chromatids
Centrioles
gametes
a
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. Sister chromatids are produced during which
part of the cell cycle?
(In other words, when is the new DNA
synthesized/replicated?).
25%
is
25%
ne
s
ok
i
Cy
t
et
ap
ha
se
se
25%
Pr
op
ha
ph
as
e
25%
M
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Cytokinesis
In
te
r
A.
B.
C.
D.
During interphase, each chromosome is replicated to
create two IDENTICAL copies called sister chromatids.
3. The purpose of mitosis is
A. To produce new cells for growth
B. To produce new cells for repairing
damage tissue
C. To produce the gametes (egg or sperm)
D. Both A and B
E. A, B and C
uc
e
C
an
d
B
B
A,
an
d
A
th
Bo
th
e
ga
m
et
es
...
...
fo
r
ce
lls
ne
w
pr
od
To
uc
e
pr
od
To
To
pr
od
uc
e
ne
w
ce
lls
fo
r
...
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
4. The chromosomes condense into shorter, thicker
bands that are visible under the microscope
during which phase?
20%
se
ph
a
lo
Te
ha
s
An
ap
et
ap
ha
se
20%
e
20%
se
20%
Pr
op
ha
ph
as
e
20%
M
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
In
te
r
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5. The nuclear membrane breaks
down during which phase?
20%
se
ph
a
lo
Te
ha
s
e
20%
An
ap
se
20%
ap
ha
se
20%
Pr
op
ha
ph
as
e
20%
M
et
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
In
te
r
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
6. During interphase the DNA is unwound
in a very long, thin strand because
A. The cell is inactive
B. Proteins are being produced
C. The DNA is replicated prior to the cell
division
D. B and C
an
d
B
pr
...
at
ed
pl
ic
re
Th
eD
NA
is
ar
ns
Pr
ot
ei
Th
ec
eb
el
l is
ei
ng
in
pr
o.
..
ac
t iv
e
C
25% 25% 25% 25%
7. During which phase of mitosis do the
chromosomes line up along the middle
of the spindle.
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase /
Cytokinesis
sis
e
ne
ha
s
ph
a
se
/C
yt
ok
i
An
ap
lo
Te
M
et
ap
ha
se
se
25% 25% 25% 25%
Pr
op
ha
A.
B.
C.
D.
8. During which phase does the cell
divide into two new cells?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase / Cytokinesis
sis
e
ne
ha
s
ph
a
se
/C
yt
ok
i
An
ap
Te
lo
M
et
ap
ha
se
se
25% 25% 25% 25%
Pr
op
ha
A.
B.
C.
D.
9. During which phase do the sister
chromatids separate and begin moving
towards the poles of the spindle?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase / Cytokinesis
sis
e
ne
ha
s
se
/C
yt
ok
i
An
ap
ph
a
lo
Te
M
et
ap
ha
se
se
25% 25% 25% 25%
Pr
op
ha
A.
B.
C.
D.
10. A piece of DNA that controls one
trait / stores the information to
produce 1 protein.
25% 25% 25% 25%
sp
ai
r
id
at
ol
o
go
u
om
Ho
m
om
Ch
r
Ch
r
os
om
es
e
Gene
Chromosomes
Chromatid
Homologous pair
Ge
n
A.
B.
C.
D.
11. Cytokinesis in plant cells involves the
formation of a ______________ . Cytokinesis in
animal cells the involves formation of a
_____________ .
Cell plate; cleavage furrow
Cleavage furrow; cell plate
Cell plate; cell plate
Cleavage furrow; cleavage furrow
el
a.
.
;c
le
lp
av
la
te
Cl
e
av
ag
e
Ce
ll p
fu
rro
lat
w
e;
c
;c
el
w
fu
rro
ag
e
av
Cl
e
lp
la
ro
w
ef
ur
av
ag
c le
e;
lat
te
25% 25% 25% 25%
Ce
ll p
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cell plate forms in plant cells due to rigid cell wall.
Animal cells divide by pinching apart, forming cleavage furrow.
12. Which is the correct order of
phases for mitosis?
Telophase, prophase, anaphase, metaphase
Anaphase, metaphase, telophase, prophase
Metaphase, telophase, anaphase, prophase
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Prophase, telophase, anaphase, metaphase
...
an
a.
..
se
,
se
,
te
lo
ph
as
e,
.. .
se
,
Pr
op
ha
se
,
m
et
ap
ha
op
ha
se
,
ap
ha
et
M
Pr
op
ha
se
,
te
l
et
m
e,
ha
s
An
ap
lo
ph
a
se
,
pr
o
ph
a
ap
ha
se
,
an
. ..
t..
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Te
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
13. A gamete is
eg
an
20%
C
d
an
B
an
d
A
ce
id
ip
lo
20%
C
20%
ll
20%
rs
pe
rm
go
bo
dy
c
el
l
20%
ad
a body cell
an egg or sperm
a diploid cell
A and C
B and C
a
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
14. The purpose of meiosis is
A. To produce new cells for growth
B. To produce new cells for repair of
damage tissue
C. To produce the gametes (egg or sperm)
D. A and B
E. A, B and C
C
an
d
d
B
B
A,
an
A
m
ga
th
e
uc
e
pr
od
To
et
es
...
...
fo
r
ce
lls
ne
w
uc
e
pr
od
To
To
pr
od
uc
e
ne
w
ce
lls
fo
r
...
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
15. Two chromosomes that are the same length and
have genes for the same trait, but are not
identical (can have different alleles of those
traits) are called
25% 25% 25% 25%
Ch
r
om
at
in
og
s
An
al
ch
ro
m
ste
r
Si
ho
m
ol
o
go
us
p
at
ai
r
id
s
A homologous pair
Sister chromatids
Analogs
Chromatin
A
A.
B.
C.
D.
16. Sister chromatids are present
A. in all cells, throughout the cell cycle
B. only in cells that are undergoing
mitosis
C. only in cells that are undergoing
meiosis
D. only in cells undergoing cell division
(either mitosis or meiosis)
e.
.
gc
un
de
r
lls
ce
n
yi
on
l
go
in
un
. ..
re
ta
th
a
lls
ce
n
yi
on
l
n
yi
on
l
in
al
lc
el
ce
ls,
lls
th
r
th
a
ta
re
ou
gh
o
ut
t
un
. ..
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
During normal cell activity (G1 of interphase) there is only
one copy of each chromosome- which is very long and thin
and therefore not visible under a microscope.
When a cell is ready to divide (mitosis or meiosis) the
chromosomes are first replicated to make the identical sister
chromatids.
17. Different forms of a gene for the same
trait (such as the gene forms for bushy
vs. thin for eyebrows) may be found on
A. Homologous
chromosomes
B. Sister chromatids
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
A
th
rB
no
ith
er
A
Ne
ste
r
Si
Bo
ch
ro
m
at
an
d
id
s
es
os
om
om
sc
hr
go
u
Ho
m
ol
o
B
25% 25% 25% 25%
If “A” represents the arched eyebrows form of the gene and “a”
represents the nonarched eyebrows form of the gene, note that both
chromosomes in the homologous pair have a form of the eyebrow
shape gene in the same position. However, it can be these different
forms for the gene.
The sister chromatids have the same form. These two sister chromatids
are copies produced by DNA replication and are identical (unless
crossing over has occurred during meiosis)
18. Homologous pairs of chromosomes
are present in cells that are
20%
20%
Bo
an
d
B
A,
th
A
ga
an
d
B
C
20%
m
et
e
lo
id
20%
Di
p
lo
i
d
20%
A
Haploid
Diploid
A gamete
Both A and B
A, B and C
Ha
p
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
19. Cells that are diploid include
A. Somatic cells (body
cells)
B. Gametes (egg and
sperm)
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
rB
B
er
ith
Ne
Bo
th
A
A
no
an
d
sp
er
m
(e
gg
Ga
m
et
es
ce
lls
ic
at
So
m
an
d
(b
od
yc
el
ls)
)
25% 25% 25% 25%
Somatic (body ) cells have homologous pairs of chromosomes
and are therefore diploid. One of each chromosome comes
from each parent.
Meiosis divides the cells to separate the homologous pairs so
that each egg or sperm only has one of each chromosome and is
therefore a haploid cell. In this way, one of each chromosomes
is passed down to the offspring from each parent.
Egg and sperm
Body cells
20. In meiosis, the DNA is replicated ___ x,
which is followed by ____ cell
division(s), resulting in ____ cells.
20%
20%
2;
2;
4
20%
1;
2;
4
20%
1;
1;
4
20%
1;
1;
2
0; 1; 2
1; 1; 2
1; 1; 4
1; 2; 4
2; 2; 4
0;
1;
2
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Meiosis
21. Mitosis produces _______ cells and
meiosis produces ________ cells.
25%
ip
lo
id
id
;d
pl
o
di
d;
h
oi
id
;h
pl
o
di
ap
lo
ap
lo
id
ip
lo
d;
d
oi
25%
id
25%
id
25%
ha
pl
haploid; diploid
diploid; haploid
haploid; haploid
diploid; diploid
ha
pl
A.
B.
C.
D.
22. During meiosis I ___________ separate,
whereas during mitosis _______ separate.
A. Homologous pairs; Sister chromatids
B. Sister chromatids; Homologous pairs
C. Homologous pairs separate in both meiosis I
and mitosis
D. Sister chromatids separate in both meiosis I
and mitosis
at
. ..
ep
ar
ar
a.
.
id
ss
se
p
rs
ch
ro
m
at
ste
r
Si
Ho
m
ol
o
go
u
sp
ai
id
s;
ch
ro
m
at
ste
r
Si
Ho
m
ol
o
go
u
sp
ai
rs
;S
ist
Ho
m
o.
..
er
. ..
25% 25% 25% 25%
In mitosis, each chromosome lines up
separately, so that the daughter cells
still have pairs of chromosomes.
In meiosis I, the homologous pairs
divide, so the daughter cells have
only one of each chromosome. (The
second division separates the sister
chromatid copies.)
23. If a woman inherited the AW combination of allele for
two genes from her father and the combination aw from her
mother, which of the following processes will allow genetic
recombination so that her offspring can inherit the
combinations aW or Aw.
Independent assortment in meiosis
Crossing over in meiosis
A and B
Recombination does not occur
...
sn
ot
io
n
bi
co
m
Re
Cr
o
ss
in
na
t
go
ta
ve
r
do
e
in
A
m
ei
an
d
os
is
.
en
t.
m
ss
or
t
B
25% 25% 25% 25%
de
n
en
In
de
p
A.
B.
C.
D.
24. The law of independent assortment
means that
A. Homologous chromosomes can
exchange segments of DNA
B. Sister chromatids separate
C. Homologous chromosomes separate
D. Each homologous pair lines up on
the spindle independently of all
other pairs.
ch
Ea
rl
pa
i
go
us
ol
o
ho
m
go
u
ol
o
i. .
.
..
os
om
om
sc
hr
id
ss
at
Ho
m
ch
ro
m
ste
r
Si
Ho
m
ol
o
go
u
sc
hr
om
ep
ar
os
om
..
at
e
25% 25% 25% 25%
If two different genes are on different chromosomes, recombinants (new
combinations) are equally likely because there is 50% chance that the
chromosomes will line up in either orientation during meiosis.
25. When two genes are on the same chromosome,
genetic recombination (new combinations of possible
genes)
A. Does not occur
B. Can occur due to the law of
independent assortment
C. Can occur due to crossing over
D. Can occur due to the law of
segregation
Ca
n
oc
c
ur
d
...
w
la
th
e
ue
to
ue
to
w
la
ur
d
oc
c
Ca
n
oc
c
ur
d
ue
to
th
e
sn
ot
Do
e
Ca
n
cr
os
s in
. ..
..
oc
cu
r
25% 25% 25% 25%
Parental Combinations: ac and AC
Recombinant
Chromosomes: Ac and aC
26. Cancer is caused by
Uncontrolled enzyme production
Uncontrolled meiotic divisions
Uncontrolled mitotic divisions
A decrease in enzyme activity
ac
t..
.
i..
.
e
en
zy
m
in
se
cr
ea
de
A
on
tro
Un
c
on
tro
lle
lle
d
d
m
m
ito
ei
o
t ic
tic
e
en
zy
m
d
di
v
di
pr
. ..
v.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
Un
c
lle
on
tro
Un
c
A.
B.
C.
D.
27. Match the following words to the blanks.
I. Benign
A. A spread of cancer cells in the body
II. Malignant B. A harmful / cancerous tumor
III. Metastasis C. A harmless / noncancerous tumor
25%
,I
I-A
I-B
,I
I-B
,I
,I
IIC
IIA
25%
I-C
,I
II B
25%
IC,
IIA
A,
IIB
,I
II
–
C
I – A, II- B, III – C
I- C, II-A, III-B
I-C, II-B, III-A
I-B, II-A, III- C
I–
A.
B.
C.
D.
25%
28. In cats, the number of chromosomes
in body cells is 38. What is the number of
chromosomes in their egg or sperm?
25%
25%
76
25%
28
25%
23
19
23
28
76
19
A.
B.
C.
D.
The number of chromosomes in the body cells is the diploid
(2n) number.
The number of chromosomes in the egg or sperm is the
haploid (n) number.
If 2n = 38, than the egg or sperm will have half this number
(one of each instead of two)
N= 19 for cats.
20%
20%
20%
64
20%
32
20%
23
16
23
32
46
64
16
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
46
29. The haploid number of chromosomes
for a horse is 32. The diploid number of
chromosomes for horses is
30. Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Of these
chromosome pairs, 22 pairs are homologous pairs (same
length etc.) in both males and females. These are called
the _______________ chromosomes.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Se
xc
hr
om
D
an
d
B
X
an
d
Y
gn
Be
ni
os
om
al
es
Autosomal
Sex chromosomes
Benign
X and Y
B and D
Au
to
so
m
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Chromosome pairs 1-22 are the autosomal
chromosomes that are homologous in both males
and females.
31. The chromosomes from the person on the previous
page, showed that the 23rd pair (the sex chromosomes)
were not homologous with a longer X and a shorter Y.
This shows that the chromosomes were from a
50%
50%
e
al
M
Fe
m
al
e
A. Female
B. Male
Extension Question
32. Recall that mitochondria have their own
DNA which encodes proteins needed within
the mitochondria. These mitochondrial genes
always come from
o.
..
th
e
ce
ce
sin
sin
th
e
m
ot
h
er
er
m
ot
h
th
e
m
ne
...
oo
ge
yt
he
a.
..
on
l
sp
er
m
in
ce
in
ce
rs
fa
th
er
s
fa
th
e
th
e
s..
25% 25% 25% 25%
th
e
A. the father since spermatogenesis (meiosis
to produce sperm) produces larger cells
B. the father since only the father has a Y
chromosome
C. the mother since oogenesis (meiosis to
produce sperm) produces larger eggs
D. the mother since the mother has two X
chromosomes
The egg is much larger than the sperm and provides all of the mitochondria for the
developing zygote (fertilized egg).
Spermatogenesis produces four equal sized cells that are smaller. This process creates
a greater quantity of sperm.
Oogenesis produces 1 larger ovum (egg) and three nonfunctional polar bodies. Thus
fewer eggs are produced, but they contain the organelles to be passed down to the
zygote.
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. C
10.A
11.A
12.D
13.B
14.C
15. A
16. D
17. A
18. B
19. A
20. D
21. B
22. A
23. C
24. D
25. C
26. C
27. C
28. A
29. E
30. A
31. B
32. C