CO-ORDINATION, COMMUNICATION &
COOPERATION IN HUMANITARIAN ACTION
EMENIKE UMESI – NEMA
CONTENT
1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA
2. NATIONAL COORDINATION MECHANISM
3. SECTOR DYNAMICS IN HUMANITARIAN ACTION IN NIGERIA
4. THREE Cs OF HUMANITARIAN ACTION
5. BENEFITS OF THE THREE Cs
6. SETTING THE TONE FOR THIS ENGAGEMENT
7. CONCLUSION
Objective of the Presentation
This presentation has the objective of
1. Tracing the history of disaster management
in Nigeria.
2. Discussing the 3 Cs in relation to
humanitarian activities in Nigeria
3. Setting the basis for deliberation in this
multi stakeholder engagement
Evolution of Disaster Management in Nigeria
1906
• Fire Brigade
1976
Decree 48
• National Emergency
Relief Agency (NERA)
1999
Act 12 as amended
by act 50
• National Emergency
Management Agency
(NEMA)
STRUCTURE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA
It is run on the four levels of governance
◦ Federal
◦ State
◦ Local government
◦ Community
It also involves the Non Governmental Organizations, CBOs, FBOs,
INGOs, United Nations system, International development
partners and donors.
NEMA is the national focal organization for emergency
management in Nigeria.
LEGAL & INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
The National Emergency Management Agency was established
by Act 12 as amended by Act 50 of 1999.
This establishes the structure and relationships of governmental
and non governmental organizations including ministries,
departments, individuals and the private sector in the
emergency management sector.
It dictates the institutional arrangement for disaster mitigation
and management which includes the establishment of single
entity at each level of government such as National Emergency
Management Agency (NEMA) responsible for coordination of
such activities and maintaining communication and
coordination. SEMA at State and LEMC at Local Level and
Community based management structures
GA 46/182: Lead Role of Government in
Humanitarian Response
‘Each State has the responsibility first and foremost to take
care of victims of natural disasters and other emergencies
occurring on its territory. Hence, the affected State has the
primary role in the initiation, organization, coordination, and
implementation of humanitarian assistance within its
territory.’
‘States whose populations are in need of humanitarian
assistance are called upon to facilitate the work of these
organizations in implementing humanitarian assistance, in
particular the supply of food, medicines, shelter and health
care, for which access to victims is essential’
Responsibilities of the government
Provide leadership to the response
Ensure mechanisms for coordination with humanitarian
partners
Facilitate easy entry and exit of non-residential
humanitarian partners, personnel, goods and equipment
Facilitate legal status of operations of non-residential
humanitarian partners
Provide “Humanitarian space”: Ability of humanitarian
actors to work independently and impartially in pursuit of
humanitarian imperative
Supporting role of humanitarian partners
No organisation has a
comprehensive mandate or the
capacity to assist and protect a
large number of vulnerable
populations alone.
Responsibilities of humanitarian partners
Needs and beneficiary based assistance: Aid that seeks to save
lives and alleviate suffering, including support to existing services
(such as food, water, health, shelter, education, etc)
Protection: All activities aimed at ensuring respect for the rights of
the individual in accordance with the letter and the spirit of
relevant bodies of law, including international human rights,
humanitarian, and refugee law
Protection should always be integrated into humanitarian
assistance
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
This show the horizontal and vertical
relationship/structure of disaster
management in Nigeria.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN NIGERIA
TOOLS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
The Agency as part of her responsibility as the national focal organisation in collaboration with
stakeholders have developed the following plans amongst others to enhance disaster management in
Nigeria:
National Disaster Response Plan
National Disaster Management Framework
National Contingency Plan
National Influenza Pandemic Preparedness & Response Plan (NIPPRP)
National Nuclear & Radiological Emergency Plan
Search And Rescue & Epidemic Evacuation Plan
National Contingency Plan on Infrastructural Resuscitation
Joint Humanitarian Action Plan etc.
ESTABLISHMENT OF SECTORS AND INTER SECTOR WORKING
GROUPS
The development of the National Contingency Plan in 2010 ushered in the sector based
humanitarian response system in Nigeria.
It is subdivided into :
A)
1. National organisations under the leadership of the DG NEMA coordinated by NEMA
2. UN and INGOs under the leadership of HCT coordinated by the UNOCHA
B)
Nine (9) and later, twelve (12) humanitarian sectors are created with national organisations as
lead and international organisations as co-lead.
NATIONAL SECTOR LEADS
Sector/Cluster
1.Food Security
Designated Lead
MINISTRY OF AGRIC
2.Camp Coordination & Camp Mgmt
NEMA/SEMA
3.Early Recovery
4.Education
NEMA
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
5.Emergency Shelter
6.Emergency Telecommunications
NEMA/ NRC
MOCommTech
7.Health
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
8.Logistics
NEMA
9.Nutrition
10.Protection
11.Water, Sanitation & Hygiene
12.Information
MOH
NHRC
MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES
Min of Info
GLOBAL SECTOR LEADS
Sector/Cluster
1.Food Security
Designated Co-Lead
FAO
2.Camp Coordination & Camp Mgmt
UNHCR & IOM
3.Early Recovery
UNDP
4.Education
5.Emergency Shelter
6.Emergency Telecommunications
UNICEF & Save the Children
UNHCR & IFRC
OCHA, UNICEF & WFP
7.Health
WHO
8.Logistics
WFP
9.Nutrition
UNICEF
10.Protection
UNHCR
11.Water, Sanitation & Hygiene
UNICEF
MDAs with sectoral roles in the management of Disasters
Sectors
Camp coordination & Camp
management
Lead / Co-Lead Organization
NEMA/ SEMA/IOM
Water, sanitation & Hygiene
MOWR/UNICEF
Education
Health
Ministry of Education/UNICEF
Min. Of Health/ WHO
Early recovery
Security
Protection
Food security
Emergency shelter/ NFI
Nutrition
Information/Communication
NEMA/UNDP
Police/NSCDC
Human Rights commission/UNHCR
Min. Of Agric./FAO
NEMA/SEMA/IOM
MOH/UNICEF
NOA/Min. of Comm.Tech/ Min. Of
THE THREE Cs OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
The three c model in emergency management is
for
1. Co-ordination
2. Cooperation
3. and Communication.
Three Cs
1. Coordination allows all personnel and agencies to effectively work together even though each
entity may have a different way of conducting operations. Collaboration allows all agencies
work together for the same objectives - in emergency management, these objectives often
follow a three phased goal of saving lives, scene stabilization being second and property
protection being third.
3. Cooperation is simply an act and entities cooperating with one and other while working
towards that common objective. Finally communication...
4. Communication is often seen as a cornerstone of emergency management - entities must be
able to properly communicate with one and other and in an effective and critical manner
otherwise an emergency can lead to a disaster in the end
BARRIERS TO COORDINATION /COOPERATION/COMMUNICATION
Organisational Pride/ego/personality
Conflicting mandate/goals/agenda and priorities
Hidden agenda
Mistrust or lack of confidence in coordinators
Considered waste of time/time consuming
Probable loss of power/autonomy/identity
Differing focus/mandates/methodologies
Inadequate top-level (leadership) support.
Ignorance or lack of defining policy documents
ADDRESSING BARRIERS
Report to superiors
Side door discussions
Respect for procedures and protocols
Share credit
Share resources
Request mediation
Influence and encourage participants and other relevant
organizations
Understand their point of view and be responsive
ADDRESSING BARRIERS ( 2 )
Provide information-invite to meeting despite resistance
(keep door open)
Show positive results-demonstrate advantages of
coordination
Isolate or ignore - don’t waste our time
assign key role
Seek and apply 3rd party pressure
Discuss, negotiate, persuade and barter
ADVANTAGES OF COORDINATION
1. limits confusion and chaos
2. improves credibility (donors, public, media etc)
3. improves economy
4. reduces duplication of efforts
5. wider coverage of the assistance (TEAM)
6. knowledge of who has what competence
7. timeliness in delivery
SETTING THE TONE: on coordination
1. Do
we understand the existing coordination structure?
2. How effective is the structure?
3. At what forum and how does the states and national organisations compare notes?
4. Where does the NGOs and INGOs belong in this system? Are they properly empowered?
5. Do we recognize the roles the NGOs & INGOS play?
6. Should there be a separate working group for this category of actors (INGOs &NGOs) making it
3 groups for clearer path of communication and coordination?.
7. Who and who is involved in Humanitarian Action?
8. Is there a better way to do this?
9. How would the needed changes be kickstarted?
SETTING THE TONE: on Cooperation
1. Who manages the relationships in the sector?
2. How do the entrants find their way?
3. Do we have any framework for cooperation in the sector?
4. How do we harmonise the needs of the country with the objectives of individual operators?
5. Who regulates both national and internal cooperation in Humanitarian action?
6. Are there available sanctions and procedures to enforce them?
7. What are the rules of engagement?
8. Is it not time to include the organized private sector in the formal Humanitarian structure?
SETTING THE TONE: on Communication
1. What role is effective communication playing in the sector?
2. Are the actors aware of their roles?
3. How do we relate among the actors and with the public?
4. What is the perception of the public about what we do?
5. Are we aware of the channels of Communication in emergencies?
6. Can we actually improve on it?
7. Do we actually walk the talk?
8. Is there cohesion and harmony in our communication?
9. Do we understand the implications of failed communication in this business?
Conclusion
REMEMBER:
Coordination is a shared effort.
Coordination includes coordinated:
Assessment
Planning
Implementation
Monitoring & Evaluation
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING