Seng Lily Moua
Hour 1
Anatomy and Physiology
SYSTEMS AND FUNCTIONS
Digestive System:
(20) Liver- cleanses the blood and processes nutritional molecules, which distributed to
the tissue.
(34) Stomach- storage compartment enables 2 or 3 meals a day.
(13)Gall Bladder- active storage shed, which absorbs mineral salts and water received
from the liver and convert into thick, mucus called “bile”, to be released when food is in
the stomach.
(33 Spleen- valuable organs which produce some of the white blood cells, filters blood,
destroy old, worn-out red blood cells and returns needed iron to the blood, disposing of
the rest as waste.
(31)Small Intestine- is where the remaining nutrients are absorbed before moving into
the large intestine.
(19)Large Intestine (colon) - “bowel” is sometimes called the “garbage dump” of the
body, because the materials that reach it are of very small use to the body and are
sent on to be dispose of.
(11)Epididymis- is upright and allows air to pass through the larynx and into the rest of
the respiratory system.
(36)Trachea- forms the trunk of an upside-down tree and is flexible, like a vacuum tube,
so that the head and neck may twist and bend during the process of breathing.
(4) Cecum- pouch like structure located in the lower right abdomen that absorbs water
from the waste, returning fluid to the body and consolidating the waste for its journey
through the end stage of digestion.
(38) Umbilical Cord- is to carry nourishment and oxygen from the placenta to your baby
and return waste products to the placenta from the fetus.
(30) Pyloric Valve- regulates the flow of chime out of the stomach into the duodenum.
Endocrine System:
(27)Ovary- producing eggs or “ova,” the ovaries produce female sex hormones called
estrogen and progesterone.
(35)Testes- the testicle lays inside the scrotum and produces as many as 12 trillion sperm
in a male’s lifetime, about 400 million of which are ejaculated in one average
intercourse.
Reproductive System:
(28)Penis- is the external sex organ of the male through which both urine and semen
pass.
(42)Uterus- or “womb” is a hollow, muscular organ in which a fertilized egg, called the
“zygote,” becomes embedded and in which the egg is nourished and allowed to
develop until birth.
(43)Vagina- is a muscular passage which forms a part of the female sex organs which
connects to the neck of the uterus (called the “cervix”) with the external genitals.
(15) Horn of Uterus- defines the entrance of the uterine tubes into the uterus.
(40) Urogenital Opening- the opening where waste and reproductive fluid is expelled.
(41) Urogenital Papilla- is a tube extending from the urogenital opening that deposits
eggs or sperm.
(44) Vas Deferens- a tube that transfers sperm from the epididymis to the prostate upon
ejaculation.
Nervous System:
(32)Spinal Cord- provide a two-way communication system between the spinal cord
and parts of the arms, legs, neck and trunk of the body.
(6) Cerebellum- helps provide smooth, coordinated body movement.
(7) Cerebrum- it is the part of the brain that controls thought, memory and the sense.
(22) Longitudinal Cerebral Fissures- is the deep groove that separates the two
hemisphere of the vertebrate brain.
(24) Mammary Papillae- each teat has streak canals which is where the milk is delivered
to the end of the teat for drinking by her young, aka piglets.
(26) Medulla- is responsible for regulating your rat of breathing, your heart rate, blood
pressure, circulation and digestive system activity.
Cardiovascular System:
(5)Carotid Artery-two specialized regions: the carotid sinus, which monitors the blood
pressure, and the carotid body, which monitors the oxygen content in the blood and
helps regulate breathing.
(29)Pulmonary Artery- when the muscular wall of the right ventricle contacts, the blood
inside the heart chamber is put under more press, and the tricuspid valve closes.
(2) Aorta- carries and distributes oxygen rich blood to all arteries.
(3)Atrium- it receives de-oxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae
and the coronary sinus, and pumps into the right ventricle through the tricuspid.
(8) Coronary Artery- first blood vessels that branches off the ascending aorta.
(37) Umbilical Artery- is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found
in the abdominal and pelvic region.
(45) Vena Cava (superior and inferior)- The inferior vena cava is one of two veins which
carries deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart, the other
vein is the superior vena cava: inferior deals with blood coming from body areas below
the heart, superior deals with blood coming from above the heart.
(46) Ventricle (left or right)- do the heavy pumping. The right ventricle pumps blood
from the heart to the lungs. The left ventricle takes the blood that has been collected
from the lungs and pumps it out to the body.
Urinary System:
(16)Kidneys- they are the balancers of internal fluids, so if we overeat or overdrink one
day and diet the next, or if we have active, “sweaty” day, the kidnesy will compensate
and see that these fluctuations in fluid, salt and glucose are leveled out.
(17) Kidney Cortex (Renal)- filter blood and remove waste product inside your body
(18) Kidney Pelvis (Renal)- act as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter.
(39) Urinary Bladder- as a temporary reservoir for urine. The bladder possesses features
that enable urine to enter, be stored, and later be released for evacuation from the
body.
Skeletal System:
(10)Digit- each finger may flex and extend, abduct and adduct, and so also
circumduct.
(1)Ankle- is needed to walk with a smooth and nearly effortless gait.
Respiratory System:
(9) Diaphragm- small openings in the diaphragm allow structures such as the aorta,
inferior vena cava and esophagus pass through.
(12) Epiglottis- is to block off food and liquids form entering the trachea (windpipe). It
allows air to pass through larynx into the rest of the respiratory system.
(14) Hard Palate- to help form speech sounds, and to allow food to be chewed while
breathing continues.
(20) Larynx- ensures that the airways are open, which means we get to breathe.
(23) Lung- is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into bloodstream, and ot release
carbon dioxide form the bloodstream into the atmosphere.
Muscular System:
(25) Masseter Muscle- These muscles help mainly in the movement of the mandible and
not the maxilla as maxilla is an Integra part of the skull and the mandible being the only
movable bone in the skull.