STYLISTIC DEVICES
Ana Umpierre
Verónica López
Paola Ortiz
Darian Crespo
Jesús López
Nicole Simshauser
María Medina
Valerie Marshall
ANALOGY
• A comparison of two things to show that they are alike in certain
aspects. Writers often make analogies to show how something
unfamiliar is like something well known or widely experienced.
Examples:
Open is to close as near is to far.
Dishonest is to honest as always is to never.
Snake is to reptile as frog is to amphibian.
Kitchen is to cooking as bedroom is to
__________.(sleeping, eating, cleaning)
Teacher is to school as doctor is to
____________.(healing, hospital, medicine)
Painting is to eyes as song is to _________.(ears,
listen, music)
PUN
•
A play on the multiple meanings of a word or on two words that may sound
alike. Many jokes and riddles are based on puns.
•
Examples:
• The Energizer bunny was arrested and charged with battery.
• The optometrist made a spectacle of himself
• A boy answers the phone. The caller asks, "Where are your
parents?"
"They ain't here!"
"Come on, son. Where's your grammar?"
"My gramma ain't here neither. She's gone to church!“
• Mercutio: “Nay, gentle Romeo, we must have you dance.”
Romeo: “Not I, believe me. You have dancing shoes
With nimble soles; I have a soul of lead
So stakes me to the ground I cannot move.”
Romeo and Juliet (Act I scene IV)
IN MEDIA RES
• Refers to the poetic technique of beginning a
narrative poem at a late point in the story, after
much action has already taken place.
• Example:
• When used in TV it's generally a preamble to
a Flash Back, which falls under How We Got
Here — where the action starts at the middle
or end of the story and quickly flashes back
to the real beginning.
APOSTROPHE
•
A figure of speech in which a speaker directly addresses an absent or dead
person, a deity, an abstract quality or something none human as if it were
present and capable of responding.
•
Examples:
• Busy old fool
• Unruly sun
• Why dost thou thus, through windows and through curtains call on us?
From “The Sun Rising” by John Donne.
EPISTROPHE
•
Device that gives emphasis to the last word on a phrase or sentence.
Repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses.
Examples:
• "I'll have my bond!
Speak not against my bond!
I have sworn an oath that I will have my bond." (Merchant of Venice, III,
iii) William Shakespeare.
OXYMORON
•
A figure of speech that combines contradictory or opposite ideas.
Examples:
In Romeo and Juliet from the author Shakespeare we can see
this list of oxymoron:
• cold fire
• feather of lead
• bright smoke
• sick health
• loving hate
• heavy lightness
• Serious vanity
• Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms
DIACOUPE
•
A rhetorical term for the repetition of a word or phrase broken up by one
or more intervening words.
•
Examples:
• "And now, my beauties, something with poison in it, I think. With
poison in it, but attractive to the eye and soothing to the smell."
(The Wicked Witch of the West, The Wizard of Oz, 1939)
• "He wore prim vested suits with neckties blocked primly against the
collar buttons of his primly starched white shirts. He had a primly
pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking
that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique."
(Russell Baker, Growing Up, 1982)
• "All happy families are alike, but an unhappy family is unhappy after
its own fashion."
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina, 1877)
SYNECHDOCHE
•
Is a kind of figurative language in which a part stands for the
whole, or vice versa.
•
Examples:
•
When a ship's captain calls out, "All hands on deck!" (in which
"hand" signifies the whole person of each sailor.). P. B. Shelley's
poem, "Ozymandias" is built upon the trope of synecdoche.
•
Saying the "White House," to mean the U.S. government, is an
example of synecdoche.
•
In geography, with many people using the term “America” to refer
simply to the United States, or “Britain” to refer to the entire UK.
This type of synecdoche is known as totum pro parte, Latin for
“taking the whole for the part”.
•
It can also be more loosely applied to abstract concepts as well,
as in referring to “the law” when in fact one was actually pulled
over by a single officer.
METONYMY
•
Figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another
with which it is closely related.
•
Examples:
• crowns for royalty
• "He writes a fine hand" meaning good handwriting
• "The pen is mightier than the sword," meaning literary power is
superior to military force.
• "The House was called to order," meaning the members in the House.
ANAPHORA
•
A rhetorical figure involving the exact repetition of words or phrases at
the beginning of successive lines or sentences. It is a type of
parallelism.
•
Examples:
• I'm not afraid to die. I'm not afraid to live. I'm not afraid to fail. I'm not
afraid to succeed. I'm not afraid to fall in love. I'm not afraid to be alone.
I'm just afraid I might have to stop talking about myself for five minutes."
(Kinky Friedman, When the Cat's Away, 1988)
• "I needed a drink, I needed a lot of life insurance, I needed a
vacation,
I needed a home in the country. What I had was a coat,
a hat and a gun."
(Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, 1940)
• "Here comes the shadow not looking where it is going,
And the whole night will fall; it is time.
Here comes the little wind which the hour
Drags with it everywhere like an empty wagon through leaves.
Here comes my ignorance shuffling after them
Asking them what they are doing."
(W.S. Merwin, "Sire." The Second Four Books of Poems. Copper
Canyon Press, 1993)
ANTISTROPHE
• The repetition of words in reversed order. The repetition of a word or
phrase at the end of successive clauses.
Examples:
She is the object of my affection and love, just as I am the
object of her affection and love.
I know the best party. The Democrats are the best party. I will
vote for the
best party.
REFERENCES
•
Super Teacher Worksheets. (n.d.). Super Teacher Worksheets. Retrieved September 21, 2011, from
http://www.superteacherworksheets.com/vocab/analogies2.pdf
•
Apostrophe. (n.d.). Examples Help. Retrieved September 22, 2011, from http://www.exampleshelp.org.uk/apostrophe.htm
•
Super Teacher Worksheets. (n.d.). Super Teacher Worksheets. Retrieved September 21, 2011, from
http://www.superteacherworksheets.com/vocab/analgies3.pdf
•
Super Teacher Worksheets. (n.d.). Super Teacher Worksheets. Retrieved September 21, 2011, from
http://www.superteacherworksheets.com/vocab/animal-analogies.pdf
•
Examples of Puns: Word Play in Your Writing. (n.d.). Writer's Block Help - Inspired Creative Writing Ideas and
Techniques. Retrieved September 21, 2011, from http://www.writers-block-help.com/examples-of-puns.html
•
Nordquist, � (n.d.). pun - definition and examples of puns in English. Grammar and Composition - Homepage of
About Grammar and Composition. Retrieved September 21, 2011, from
http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/punterm.htm
•
Shakespearean Puns. (n.d.). Think Map Visual Thesaurus. Retrieved September 21, 2011, from
http://www.visualthesaurus.com
•
"In Medias Res - Television Tropes & Idioms ." Home Page - Television Tropes & Idioms . N.p., n.d. Web. 21
Sept. 2011. <http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/InMediasRes>.
•
Nordquist, Richard. "anaphora - definition and examples of rhetorical anaphora - figure of speech." Grammar and
Composition - Homepage of About Grammar and Composition. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2011.
<http://grammar.about.com/od/
•
Nordquist, �. (n.d.). metonymy - definition and examples of metonymy - figure of speech. Grammar and Composition Homepage of About Grammar and Composition. Retrieved September 22, 2011, from http://grammar.about.com/od/mo
•
Antistrophe. (n.d.). Changing minds and persuasion -- How we change what others think, believe, feel and do. Retrieved
September 22, 2011, from http://changingminds.org/techniques
•
CONTINUATION REFERENCES
•
Antistrophe - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
(n.d.). Dictionary and Thesaurus - Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved September
22, 2011, from http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriamwebster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fantistrophe%3Fsh
•
Understanding., expressive, s. a., & depth.. (n.d.). Literary Terms in English –
Metonymy, Synecdoche: Grammar, Fiction Writing Tools and Tips, Improve Your Skills |
Suite101.com. Suite101.com: Online Magazine and Writers' Network. Retrieved
September 22, 2011, from http://www.suite101.com/content/literary-terms-in-englishmetonymy-synecdoche-a129532
•
Category. (n.d.). Synecdoche -- Definition of Synecdoche for Creative Writers . About
Creative Writing -- Creative Writing Advice . Retrieved September 22, 2011, from
http://fictionwriting.about.com/od
•
Definitions of Literary Terms. (n.d.). The Literary Link: home page of Janice E. Patten.
Retrieved September 22, 2011, from http://theliterarylink.com/definitions
•
3:19, t. s. (n.d.). Metonymy. Examples Help. Retrieved September 22, 2011, from
http://www.examples-help.org.uk/metonymy.htm
•
spectator, deceiving the superficial sense of the, and he must strive for. "rhetoric2."
VirtualSalt. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2011.
<http://www.virtualsalt.com/rhetoric2.htm#Epistrophe>.
•
"Shakespeare's Grammar: Rhetorical Devices." Shakespeare Resource Center. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2011. http://www.bardweb.net/grammar/02rhetoric.html
•
Nordquist, � (n.d.). diacope - definition and examples of diacope - rhetorical term.
Grammar and Composition - Homepage of About Grammar and Composition. Retrieved
September 23, 2011, from http://grammar.about.com/od/d/g/diacopeterm.htm