Management:
Definition and Overview
Management Definition:
“The effective and efficient attainment of
organizational goals through planning, organizing,
leading and controlling organizational resources.”
In English:
“The art of getting things done through people.”
Functions of Management:
Plan, Organize, Lead, Control
Controlling:
Monitor activities
and make corrections
Planning:
Select goals
and ways
to attain them
Leading:
Use influence
to motivate
employees
Organizing:
Assign
responsibility
for task
accomplishment
Planning:
● Define Organizational Goals
● Define Product or Service
● Market Research and Analysis
● Determine Market Niche
● Create Mission Statement
Organizing:
● Creating the Structure of the Organization
● Determine Business Entity
● Determine Business Model
Leading:
● Communicating with and Motivating Employees
● Team Building
● Create Motivational Tools; Incentive Programs
Controlling:
● Monitor Performance and Take Corrective
Action
● Performance Feedback
● Benchmarking
● Reengineering
Management Personality Traits:
● Conceptual – “Big Picture” Driven
● Human – Relational Driven
● Technical – Details Driven
Manager’s Workbook Quiz
Goal Setting and Planning
Goal – A Desired Future Result
Plan – A Blueprint for Achieving Your Goal
Planning
Mission Statement
“What is our reason for being?”
Mission Statement
“The Mission of Southwest Airlines is Dedication
to the Highest Quality of Customer Service,
Delivered with a Sense of Warmth, Friendliness,
Individual Pride and Company Spirit.”
Planning
Mission Statement
“What is our reason for being?”
Vision Statement
“What do we want to become?”
Vision Statement
“To Become the Largest Air-Carrier in
The United States, in Terms of
Passengers Carried.”
Planning
Mission Statement
“What is our reason for being?”
Vision Statement
“What do we want to become?”
Upper Management
1-5 Year Goals
Strategic Planning
“How will Org. Achieve Vision”
Strategic Plan
To Continue Expansion and Profitability by:
1) Keeping Costs and Fares Low
2) Continuing Superior On-Time Arrival Record
3) Providing Positively Outrageous Service
Planning
Mission Statement
“What is our reason for being?”
Vision Statement
“What do we want to become?”
Upper Management
1-5 Year Goals
Middle Management
6-24 Months
Strategic Planning
“How will Org. Achieve Vision”
Tactical Planning
“Activities Needed to Achieve
Vision”
Tactical Plan
● Turn Aircraft in 20 Minutes
● Serve Peanuts Instead of Meals
● Fly Into Smaller, Less Congested Cities
Planning
Mission Statement
“What is our reason for being?”
Vision Statement
“What do we want to become?”
Upper Management
1-5 Year Goals
Middle Management
6-24 Months
Front-Line Managers
1-52 Weeks
Strategic Planning
“How will Org. Achieve Vision”
Tactical Planning
“Activities Needed to Achieve
Vision”
Operational Planning
“Use of Resources to Achieve
Vision”
Operational Plan
● Increase On-Time Performance to 90%
● Lower Delayed Baggage to .5%
● Increase Commendation/Complaint Ratio to 4:1
SMART Goal Setting
● Specific – “90% of Arrivals On-Time”
● Measurable – “Based on D.O.T. Statistics”
● Attainable – “We Only an Increase of 1.5%”
● Results Oriented – “To Decrease Boarding
Times by 5 Minutes”
● Target Dates – “In the Next 6 Months”
A Brief History of Management
Early Management:
● Egyptians and Mesopotamians
● Forced Labor
● Harsh Repercussions for non-compliance
Classical Management
● Started by the Industrial Revolution
● Geared Towards Manufacturing
Classical Management
Max Weber
● Bureaucratic Organizations
● Positional Authority
● Charismatic Authority
● Merit Based Pay and Raises
Classical Management
Frederick Taylor
● Shop Management published 1903
● Believed Workers Ration Their Work
● One Right Way
● Motion Studies – Bethlehem Steel
Classical Management
Frank Gilbreth
● “Father of Time Motion Studies”
● Filmed Elemental Motions
● Estimated Time Functions
● Created Ergonomic Tools
Modern Management
Henri Fayol
● “Father of Modern Management”
● Wrote General and Industrial Management
● Created Five Functions of a Manager:
Plan, Organize, Command, Coordinate, Control
Modern Management
Mary Parker Follett
● Universal Goal
● Universal Principle
● Law of Situation
Hawthorne Studies
Harvard Business School
● Hawthorne Effect
● Illumination Study
● Group Dynamics
Chester Barnard
● Wrote Functions of the Executive
● Acceptance Theory
● Zone of Indifference
Abraham Maslow
● Hierarchy of Needs Theory
● All Humans Have same Basic Needs:
Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem, SelfActualization
Theory X
● Average Human Dislikes Work
● People Must be Coerced, Controlled and
Threatened to Work
● Average Human Wants to be Directed
Theory Y
● Average Human Does Not Dislike Work
● People Will Exercise Self-Direction
● Average Human Seeks Responsibility
● Workers have a High Degree of Imagination
and Problem Solving Capabilities
Human Resources School
● Focused on Leadership and Motivation
● Employees are Creative and Competent
● Employees Want Meaningful Work
● Employees Want to Participate in Leadership
● Employees are an Untapped Resource
Systems Theory
● All Parts of Organization are Connected
● Seeks Synergy
Contingency View
● Fit Structure of Organization to Outside Events
● Situational Leadership
● Flexible Guidelines for Leaders
Total Quality Management - TQM
● Employee Involvement
● Focus on Customer
● Benchmarking
● Continuous Improvement