CHAPTER 12
SECTION 2
HISTORY
&
CULTURE
• BR #3 (PGS.263-264)
• 1) Who were the Chibcha?
• 2) What were 4 contributions
of the Incas, some of which
can still be seen today?
• 3) What was the Columbian
exchange?
• ANSWERS TO BR #2
• 1) An early South American Kingdom in
the Columbian Andes who developed
gold-working skills
• 2) Paved roads, suspension bridges,
stone construction (still seen in Cuzco,
Peru the Inca capital), terraced fields
braced by stone walls (still in use today)
• 3) The exchange of plants & animals
between Europe & SA following the
arrival of Columbus in the Americas
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• EARLY HISTORY
1) Hunters-Gatherers entered SA
12,000 years ago, farming began 5,000
yrs. ago
2) The Inca founded SA’s greatest early
civilization
3) The Spanish conquistador Francisco
Pizarro conquered the Incas in the
1530’s, destroyed their empire & rebuilt
Spanish style architecture on the ruins
4) They built a new capital, Lima,on the
coast
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• SPANISH SETTLEMENT
1) Spain received rights to the western
part of SA in a treaty with Portugal
2) Set up a system of landed estates,
put the Indian peoples into slave labor
3) The Columbian Exchange began
4) The Indian population was nearly
eliminated by a combination of
European diseases, overwork, & lost
battles in wars against the Spainards
• 5) Spanish influence spread across
SA & latifundias (large estates) began
to show up all over the continent
Portugese Settlement
• They settled in what is now Brazil & set
up large plantations with sugarcane
becoming the chief crop-they
continued to expand southward & this
movement led to the growth of cities
like Sao Paulo & Rio de Janeiro
• Colonial Era and Independence
• Spain abandoned her SA colonies &
the borders of the newly independent
Countries mostly followed the borders
created during the colonial period
• Uruguay was created as a buffer state
(a small country between 2 larger, more
powerful countries) between Argentina
& Brazil while British Guiana became
Guyana(1966) & Dutch Guyana
became Suriname(1975)
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• HW #2 (PGS.266-267)
1)List the majority ethnic makeup & %
of A) Argentina B) Bolivia C) Paraguay
2A) What is the main language of SA?
B) What is Brazil’s main language?
3)What are 3 major cities in SA that
also are large seaports?
4)What is the major religion of SA?
5)Define:A) coup B) manioc C)
gauchos
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• ANSWERS TO HW #2
1A) Europeans-97% B) Indians-55%
C) Mestizos-95%
2A) Spanish B) Portugese
3A) Buenos Aires B) Lima C) Rio de
Janeiro
4) Catholic
5A)Taking power from a government
by force B) Tropical plant with starchy
roots C) Cowboys of Argentina