Practicing Delivery
Parts 5 & 6
Special Occasion Speeches
 Introduction- speech designed to pave
the way for the main speaker 2-3min
 Presentation- Speech that present an
award, a prize or a gift to an individual
or a group 3-5 min
 Acceptance- a response to a
presentation 1-2 min
 Welcoming- speech that expresses
pleasure for the presence of a person
or an organization 2-3 min
 Tribute- speech that praises someone’s
accomplishments 4-6 min
 Commencement address- a speech
presented by a major political,
business, or a social figure, or a
prominent alumnus, during graduation
ceremonies
 Keynote address- a speech presented
near the beginning of an organization’s
conference or convention that is
designed to inspire participants in their
work
 Commemorative address- speeches
that are presented to celebrate
national holidays or anniversaries of
important dates and events
 Manuscript speech- speech that is
written out completely and read aloud
Special Occasion Speech
Assignment
 Choose any type of special occasion
speech that you would like to
present
 Time 2-3 minutes
 Outline: Required
 Notes: 1 side of 1 3x5 index card
Methods of Delivery
Manuscript Speakingreading a speech form a
written text
Memorized Speakingdelivering a speech word
for word from memory
without using notes.
Extemporaneous speaking
 Speaking from a written or
memorized speech outline without
having memorized the exact wording
of the speech
 Notes Should be Brief
 Notes Should be Legible
 Notes Should be Unobtrusive
Impromptu speaking
 Delivering a speech with out advance
preparation
 Predict When You May Be Asked to Speak
 Accept the Invitation with Assurance
 Present a Definite Viewpoint Early
 Present Reasons, Logic, or Facts to Support
Your Viewpoint
 Don’t Apologize
 Don’t Ramble On
Vocal Delivery
 Pitch- the highness and lowness of your
voice
 Voice- the vehicle that communicates the
words of the speech
 Volume- the loudness of the tone you
make
 Rate- the speed in which you talk
 Quality- the tone, timbre, or sound of
voice
 Articulation- the shaping of speech
sounds into recognizable oral symbols
that combines to produce words
 Pronunciation- the form and accent of
various syllables of a word
 Accent- the inflection tone, and speech
habits typical of the natives of a
particular country, region, state, or city
Final tips
 Finish drafting your speech at least 2 day
before performance
 Rehearse your speech aloud to help
determine where you need notes
 Revise your speech to assist with keeping
time requirements
 Prepare speaking notes
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Rehearse speech standing
Present speech to someone else
Tape or video speech rehearsal
Rehearse with presentation aids
Re-create the speech environment
Practice good delivery skills while
rehearsing “ Practice makes perfect if
practice is perfect.
Guidelines for Delivery
Visual Elements
Dress Effectively
Step Up to Speak with Confidence and
Authority
Get Set Before Speaking
Establish and Maintain Eye Contact
Begin Without Looking at Your Notes
Stand and Move Effectively
Don’t Pack Up Early
Move Out Confidently When Finished
Guidelines for Delivery
Verbal Elements
Use an Oral Speaking Style
Keep Most Sentences Short
Use Personal Pronouns Freely
Use the Active Voice
Use Contractions Often
Address Your Listeners Directly
Don’t Emphasize Mistakes
Use Proper Vocabulary, Enunciation, and
Pronunciation
Guidelines for Delivery
Vocal Elements
Speak with Enthusiasm and Sincerity
Speak Loudly Enough to Be Heard
Avoid Disfluencies
Guidelines for Delivery
Speaking on Camera
Clothing
Face, Eyes, and Body Language
Hair
Makeup
Jewelry
Using Notes
Question and Answer Sessions
When to Answer Questions
During the Presentation
Allow for Extra Time
Promise to Answer Premature
Questions Later
During the Presentation
Question and Answer Sessions
How to Manage Questions
Start the Ball Rolling
Anticipate Likely Questions
Clarify Complicated or Confusing Questions
Treat Questioners with Respect
Keep Answers Focused on Your Goal
Buy Time When Necessary
Address Your Answer to the Entire Audience
Follow Your Last Question with a Summary
Nonverbal Messages:
Body & Sound
Nonverbal Communication
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Nonverbal Communicationmessages expresses by other
than linguistic means. This
rules out sign language, and
written words.
Some nonverbal behaviors have
different meanings from culture
to culture. “OK” in France
means you’re worth zero, in
Greece and turkey it is a sexual
invitation.
Functions
 Repeating- saying north then pointing
 Substituting- “what’s up” You shrug
your shoulders
 Complementing-the attitude that
people have with one another
 Accenting-emphasis
 Regulating-cues in conversation as to
who takes the lead
 Contradicting- “I am not angry” but
you are red with bulging veins
 Deceiving-you show that you are lying
by body movement
I.
Kinesics- The study of body
position and motion
Body orientation- the degree to
which we face toward or away from
someone with our body, feet, and
head
 Posture
 Gestures-movements of hands and
arms
A. Emblems
= are a
nonverbal
substitute
for the
verbal
message
B. Illustrators = visually
demonstrate & accompany
the verbal message
The fish
was this big
C. Affect Displays = any
emotional response
D. Regulators = group of
behaviors that encourage
or discourage
communication
E. Adaptors = satisfy some
need
III. Eye Communication
A. Functions of Eye
Contact
1. seek feedback
2. regulate the flow of
communication
V. Paralanguage- the
vocal, but nonverbal,
dimension of speech.
Refers to the manner in
which you say something
rather than what you say
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E.
F.
A. Rate
B. Volume
C. Pitch
D. Rhythm
Silence
Disfluencies- uh, um,er,
etc.
I. Proxemics- The study of the
way people use space
 A. Edward T. Hall’s 4
Spatial Distances
Intimate
Personal
Social
Public
1. Intimate:
0 - 18”
Intimate distance-close to actual
touching (0 to 18 in apart) the
presence of the other person is
unmistakable
2. Personal:
18” - 4’
Personal distance- allows you
to stay protected and
untouched by others (18in-4
ft)
3. Social:
4’ -12’
Social distance- (4 ft to 12 ft) you
visual detail
4. Public:
12-25’
Public distance- (12 ft to 25 ft)
person completely protected by
space
Verbal and Visual Support
in Presentations
Chapter Summary
Functions of Supporting Material
Verbal Support
Visual Aids
Slide 39
Functions of Supporting Material
Effective Supporting Material Adds...
Clarity
Interest
Proof
Slide 40
Verbal Support
Types of Verbal Support
Examples
Stories
Statistics
Comparisons
Continued...
Slide 41
Verbal Support
Types of Verbal Support
Citations
Cite the Source in a Way That Adds to the
Credibility of Your Presentation
Cite Sources That Have Credibility with Your
Audience
Paraphrase Lengthy or Confusing Citations
Restate the Point of Long Citations
Slide 42
Visual Aids
Types of Visual Aids
Objects and Models
Photographs
Diagrams
Lists and Tables
Keep the Visual Aid Simple
Use Numbered And/Or Bulleted Lists to
Emphasize Key Points
Use Text Sparingly
Use Large Type
Enhance the List’s or Table’s Readability
Slide 43
Continued...
Visual Aids
Types of Visual Aids
Pie Charts
 Place the Segment You Want to Emphasize
at the Top-Center
 Label Each Segment
 List the Percentage for Each Segment
Continued...
Slide 44
Visual Aids
Types of Visual Aids--Sample Pie Chart
Continued...
Slide 45
Visual Aids
Types of Visual Aids
Bar and Column Charts
 Always Represent Time on the Horizontal
Axis Running From Left to Right
 Arrange the Bars in a Sequence That Best
Suits Your Purpose
 Make Sure the Numerical Values Are
Clearly Represented
Continued...
Slide 46
Visual Aids
Types of Visual Aids
Sample Bar and Column Charts
Continued...
Slide 47
Visual Aids
Types of Visual Aids
Pictograms
Graphs
Continued...
Slide 48
Visual Aids
Types of Visual Aids
The same data can be distorted by varying the horizontal and
vertical size and axes of a graph.
Slide 49
Visual Aids
Media for Presenting Visual Aids
Flip Charts and Poster Board
Transparencies
Show Only When You Are Discussing Them
Never Remove or Replace Images While the
Projector is On
Consider Using a Piece of Paper or Cardboard to
Cover Parts of an Image You Haven’t Discussed
Yet
Face the Audience as You Speak
Continued...
Slide 50
Visual Aids
Media for Presenting Visual Aids
Slides
Keep the Show Brief
Use a Remote-Control with a Long Cord
Talk to Your Listeners, Not to the Screen
Handouts
Computerized Displays
Videotape
Continued...
Slide 51
Visual Aids
Presentation Software
Advantages of Presentation Software
Deliver On-Screen Show with Special Effects
Create Visuals in Many Formats, Including Slides,
Overhead Transparencies, and Screen Output
Organize a Set of Speaker’s Notes for Yourself
Prepare a Variety of Handouts
Create “Run-Time” Versions of Your Displays
Create Charts, Graphs, and Tables
Slide 52
Visual Aids
Presentation Software
Possible Problems When Using Presentation Software
Poorly Conceived Messages
Design Over Content
Overly Complex Presentations
Slide 53
Visual Aids
Guidelines for Using Visual Aids
Selection
Be Sure You Have a Reason for Using a
Visual Aid
Match the Sophistication of Your Visuals to
the Audience
Continued...
Slide 54
Visual Aids
Guidelines for Using Visual Aids
Design
Make Sure the Visual is Large Enough to See
Keep the Design of Your Visuals Simple
Use Only a Few Words
Use Only Horizontal Printing
Label All Items for Clear Identification
Continued...
Slide 55
Visual Aids
Guidelines for Using Visual Aids
Presentation
Don’t Display a Visual Until You Are Ready for It
Remove a Visual After Discussing It
Make Sure Your Visuals Will Work in the Meeting Room
Practice Using Your Visuals
Slide 56