Unit 1 Review
S6E5 Minerals, Rocks & Earth’s Layers
 A. Man made, organic, with a physical
composition, and crystals inside
1. Choose the
answer that
provides the
best definition
of a Mineral.
 B. Naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a
crystal structure, and a definite chemical
composition
 Naturally occurring, organic solid, with a
variable composition, and a crystalline
structure
2. Which of the
is considered
the “building
blocks” of
rock?
A. Fossils
B. Sand
C. Minerals
D. Water
3. Plants,
animals, and
people are living
things. What is a
synonym for
materials that
were once part
of one of these
living things?
A. Organic
B. Inorganic
C. Clastic
Chemical
4. Quartz & Mica
are minerals that
break differently.
Quartz breaks
unevenly & with
jagged pieces,
while Mica breaks
in flat sheet. These
demonstrate the
physical properties
of __ & __.
A. Density & Luster
B. Hardness & Streak
C. Inorganic & Organic
D. Cleavage & Fracture
5. The way
light reflects
off the surface
of a Mineral is
known as __.
A. Hardness
B. Magnetism
C. Luster
D. Color
6. Rocks are
generally
classified
according to
___.
A. Their mineral
content
B. Their color
C. How they form
D. Where they are
found
7. ___ rocks
form when
lava or magma
cools, hardens,
and
crystallizes.
A. Metamorphic
B. Igneous
C. Sedimentary
8. True or
False?
Rocks that are
harder likely
have softer
minerals that
make up the
rock.
A. True
B. False
9. True or False?
Metamorphic
rock forms when
heat & pressure
deep
underground
change an
existing rock into
a new rock.
A. True
B. False
10. Which
process would
create
sediments
from a rock
formation?
A. Heat & Pressure
B. Weathering & Erosion
C. Deposition, Compaction &
Cementation
D. Melting
11. If your family
visits the Grand
Canyon and
observes layers
of many
different colors
& types of
sediment, which
type of rock are
you observing?
A. Metamorphic Rock
B. Igneous Rock
C. Sedimentary Rock
12. A volcanologist
is working at a new
volcanic site. She
observes the rock
and notices a finegrained texture and
a dark color. The
type of rock based
on this evidence
would mostly likely
be ___.
A. Intrusive Igneous
B. Extrusive Igneous
C. Foliated Metamorphic
D. Clastic Sedimentary
13. Gneiss is a
type of rock with
crystals that are
flattened to form
parallel lines.
Based on this
information, this
rock would most
likely be ___.
A. Organic Sedimentary
B. Foliated Metamorphic
C. Extrusive Igneous
D. Nonfoliated Metamorphic
14. If a sedimentary
rock is put under
extreme heat &
pressure to the
point that it melted
back into magma,
based on the rock
cycle, what
classification of
rock would it
become next?
A. Metamorphic
B. Igneous
C. Sedimentary
D. There is no
way to tell
15. The
processes
shown in the
picture would
produce which
classification
of rock?
 A. Metamorphic
 B. Igneous
 C. Sedimentary
 D. It is
impossible to
tell
16. What is the
process in
which
dissolved
minerals
crystallize &
glue sediment
together?
A. Erosion
B. Deposition
C. Compaction
D. Cementation
17. Running
water, ice, and
wind loosen &
carry away
rock
fragments.
What is this
process
called?
A. Erosion
B. Deposition
C. Compaction
D. Cementation
18. What is the
process by
which
sediment
settles out of
the wind,
water, or ice
carrying it?
A. Erosion
B. Deposition
C. Compaction
D. Cementation
19. What
process
presses
sediment
together?
A. Erosion
B. Deposition
C. Compaction
D. Cementation
20. Small solid
pieces of rock
or living things
are __.
A. Chemical Rocks
B. Sediment
C. Foliated
Metamorphic Rocks
D. Clastic Rocks
21.
Sedimentary
rock where
rock fragments
are cemented
together is __.
A. Clastic
B. Organic
C. Chemical
22. Sedimentary
rock that forms
where the
remains of plants
or animals are
deposited in
thick layers is __.
A. Clastic
B. Organic
C. Chemical
23.
Sedimentary
rock that is
formed when
dissolved
minerals
crystallize is
___.
A. Clastic
B. Organic
C. Chemical
24. Which of
the following
statements are
true?
 A. As you go deeper into the Earth, pressure
increases
 B. As you go deeper into the Earth,
temperature increases
 C. As you go deeper into the Earth, density
increases
 D. All of the above are true
17. Sarah is
explaining the
thickness of the
layers of Earth of
Max. She is using
the example, “It’s
like the eggshell of a
boiled egg,
compared to the
rest of the egg.”
Which layer is she
explaining?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Outer Core
D. Inner Core
 1. Thickest:
25. Use the
diagram to
help answer
the questions
about the
layers of Earth
 2. Densest:
 3. Thinnest:
 4. Hottest:
 5. Solid Metal
Ball:
 6. Liquid Metal:
 7. Melted Rock:
 1. Thickest: Mantle
 2. Densest: Inner core
25. Use the
diagram to
help answer
the questions
about the
layers of Earth
 3. Thinnest: Crust
 4. Hottest:
Inner Core
 5. Solid Metal Ball:
Inner Core
 6. Liquid Metal:
Outer Core
 7. Melted Rock: Mantle
26. An animal dies, is
buried quickly, and
millions of years
pass. Explain which
type of rock you can
find the fossil of the
animal & why. Be
sure to explain why
it can’t be found in
the other 2 types of
rock.
Remember:
1. Explain which
type of rock you
can find the
fossil of the
animal & why.
2. Explain why it
can’t be found in
the other 2 types
of rock.
Fossils are found in Sedimentary rock
only because as the plant or animal
dies layers of sediment cover and
protect it from scavengers. Fossils
are not found in Igneous rock because
the heat of the lava and/or magma
would burn and destroy the plant or
animal. Fossils are not found in
Metamorphic rock because these rocks
are formed deep beneath the Earth’s
surface from the processes of
extreme heat and pressure
27. Use a Venn
Diagram to
show & explain
the
relationship
between rocks
& minerals
Rocks
Minerals