Community Interactions Competition Predation Symbiosis Competition Organisms of the same or different species attempt to use the same ecological resource (food, water, space) in the same place at the same time Competition Two organisms want the same thing Two different butterfly species feeding on the same flowers Predation predator Interaction in which one organism prey captures and feeds on another organism Predation Grizzlies prey upon salmon Predation Rabbit and Coyote rabbit coyote Ultimate Predator? Why is man sometimes called the “Ultimate Predator”? Symbiosis Any relationship in which two species live closely together is called symbiosis (“living together”) Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism Both organisms benefit Examples: Flowers and insects Ants and aphids ants feed off the excrement (honeydew) of aphids, and ants protect aphids Mutualism Lichen Algae and fungus living together Commensalism One member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. Examples: Spanish moss Commensalism Whales & Barnacles Barnacles are "filter feeders“. Many filter feeders compete for space on the ocean floor. Barnacles avoid this competition by attaching themselves to whales. Commensalism Epiphytes “air plants” Biology, Prentice Hall Parasitism One benefits; one harmed Examples: tapeworms inside mammals; fleas, ticks, and lice on mammals Parasitism Ticks Before After The parasite obtains all or part of its nutritional needs from the other organism, the host. Blacklegged Tick: An adult female blacklegged tick, engorged after a blood meal, rests on a leaf. Parasitism Mistletoe More than just a “kissing catalyst” Works Cited Whale barnacles - Christopher M. Callahan, Humboldt State University http://www.humboldt.edu/~cmc43/ectoparasites.html Barnacles on Whale – Baja Jones Adventure Travel http://www.greywhale.com/photo.htm Whale lice – Genny Anderson, Marine Science, Santa Barbara City College http://www.biosbcc.net/ocean/marinesci/05nekton/G Wsouth.htm Grizzly Bear – Mineral Management courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anGrizzlyBearFish.ht m Works Cited Artic Hare – U.S. Fish & Wildlife courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anArcticHare.htm Coyote – National Park Service courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anCoyote.htm Ground Squirrel – U.S. Fish & Wildlife courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anGroundSquirell.ht m Works Cited Falcon – Bureau of Land Management courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/birdFalcon.htm Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly - Bureau of Land Management courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/butterflyTigerSwallow tail.htm Karner Blue Butterfly - U.S. Fish & Wildlife courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/butterflyKarnerBlue.h tm Works Cited Elk Herd – Bureau of Land Management courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anElkHerd.htm Moose - EPA courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anMoose.htm Bison - USDA courtesy of GeekPhilosopher.com http://geekphilosopher.com/bkg/anBuffalo4.htm Bee on Purple Flower – BigFoto.com http://www.bigfoto.com/themes/nature/flowers/flowerbee-8j6.jpg Works Cited Spanish Moss – J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database, USDA-NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/topics.cgi?earl=plant_p rofile.cgi&symbol=TIUS&photoID=tius_001_ahp.jpg Black Legged Tick – Scott Bauer, USDA courtesy of Junglewalk.com. http://www.junglewalk.com/frames.asp Mistletoe – US Forest Service http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/rogue/swofidsc/dmistletoe/dmi stletoe.html