Name_______________________________________
Date________________________
Chapter 12
Bismarck and the Unification of Germany
A. The Rise of Bismarck 1851 - 1863
1. ________________ – landed nobility (owned land) –
family was involved in local gov’t., estate owner,
intelligent, physically big & strong, autocratic beliefs
– favored ________________, distrusted
______________ & was very ________________
2. Life history – 1 year in army, civil service, drank,
gambled, pranks, etc… He retired in _________; he
became an avid reader, educated himself more highly
3. Liberal revolution – 1848 – _____________ was
opposed to it; disliked democracy
4. 1847 – Bismarck had been elected to the Prussian
Parliament – set out to try to preserve Prussia’s
________________
5. 1851 – revolution ___________ & the Prussian
monarchy was _________________. Bismarck became
the Prussian representative at the Confederation Diet
(Congress).
6. 1851 – 1858 – he supported __________________of
the German stated by force led by the Prussian king –
would have absolute power and end
_____________________________
7. “stories of the cigar & the shirtsleeves” – Bismarck
showed his disapproval of Austria by dominating the
_________________________-his 1st enemy
8. _________________– German customs and
commercial union ______________________of German
states – Austria failed to break it up or destroy it
9. 1858 – Frederick William IV – ruler of Prussia – went
mad & was replaced by
____________________________– younger brother –
had received military training
10. Roon (Minister of War) & Moltke (Chief of the
General Staff) – appointed by William I – both antiliberal. Both wanted to _____________ the size of the
Prussian army – resulted in a power struggle (King vs.
Parliament) & nearly a ___________________. William
asked Bismarck for help – was appointed “Minister –
Pres.”
11. _______________________– Bismarck’s solution to
problems – to make Prussia the strongest in Europe – no
guilty conscience.
12. Liberals – gradually driven from office & eliminated –
much hatred.
13. Foreign policy – successes would bring success &
forgiveness at home – war wins
Read text Chapter 12 pgs. 143 - 154
B. Bismarck’s Wars – 1863 – 1871 – isolation of
German enemies
1. Denmark – ruled 2 duchies (Duke) – named
_________________ & _________________
a. 1848 – fighting over heir to lead them. – claimed
by Duke of __________________ (German) – accepted
money from Denmark to give up claim in 1852 – King of
Denmark took over – signed as
__________________________ in 1852
b. 1863 – new Danish constitution – connected
______________ w/ Denmark, kept _______________
separate – resulted in protests from the
________________ – German Confederation Diet the
voted to send troops to put son of the Duke of
_______________________ into power
c. Bismarck – made agreements with
_______________ & Austria so they would support him.
He next demanded Denmark withdraw the new
constitution & demanded Denmark to settle the matter
in a ______________________
Denmark was being supported by _______________
so they refused. So then Austria & Prussia invaded
__________________. Britain (Lord Palmerston – Foreign
Secretary) backed down & _________________ was
defeated. They gave up Schleswig & Holstein to Austria &
Prussia.
d. Convention of _____________ – 1865 – Austria
got ______________, Prussia got ___________________
& Augustenburg was ignored.
2. Austria – Bismarck’s next target. He gained neutrality
with ______________ & Napoleon III.
a. French – Napoleon III – ___________________
war between Prussia & Austria – believed it would
exhaust both & then allow for French gains.
b. ____________ – signed an alliance w/ Bismarck –
would gain _________________ if it helped against
Austria.
c. Bismarck – next provoked Austria – excluded them
from the ____________________________ – declared
war on _________________. Bismarck had made them
the aggressor (goal for support.)
d. “___________________” – Prussia occupied
hostile German states (Hanover); defeated Austria &
Saxony at Battle of __________________in
_________________ – used breech – loading needle
guns & railroads
e. Italy – lost to Austria, France gained
_______________
f. Treaty of ______________– Austria lost only
_________________ – gave up nothing to Prussia –
Bismarck did not want a permanent enemy.
g. Prussia – annexed ________________, Hanover,
___________________, Hesse – Cassel, Frankfurt; also
kept Schleswig – total of 4.5 million people & port on the
______________________
h. North German Confederation – new – replaced
the old Confederation – now excluded
_______________; it included all territories south to
____________________– but still excluded Bavaria,
Baden, & Wurtemberg – ties to France & Napoleon III
i. North German Confederation – new leadership:
____________________(President), Bismarck
(Chancellor). Also democratic election of a Parliament
(Reichstag), but it had no real power. A
___________________(Federal Council) was created that
represented all the individual states.
i. (cont.) Combined it could _______________Prussia
– (some freedom). The South German states signed
alliances with ________________ to prevent
_______________ domination of them and also joined
the new elected customs parliament (replaced
Zollverein).
* Bismarck had made everyone happy & expelled
Austria from the German states w/o making any enemies
– important later against the French.
j. Austrian reorganization – concentrated around
__________________________area – out of Germany &
Italy
k. ________________ - 1867 – “compromise” –
created _________________ called Austria-Hungary.
Each recognized Francis Joseph as Emperor but kept their
own parliaments.
3. France – 3rd opponent – to get control of Bavaria,
Baden, & Wurtemberg – Bismarck blatantly prepared for
war.
a. French mistakes – Napoleon III – tried to buy
duchy of __________________ from the king of the
Netherlands. pic. 151
- German opposition – no deal – kept by king of
_______________
- serious embarrassment for Napoleon III –
resulted in much opposition within France – also added
to other disappointments (Mexico, Italy, Rhineland).
b. Bismarck – ________________________________
(make 1st move).
c. 1870 – Spain’s throne ______________ – Bismarck
convinced a relative of William I to claim it. He knew
France would not accept this – (would be surrounded) –
outcry – William told prince to withdraw.
d. French – believed prince’s son would be next –
demanded a German apology & guarantee that no
____________________ would try to claim Spain’s
throne. William brushed demand aside & sent a telegram
to France from town of __________. Bismarck got
telegram & edited it – insulted the French (furious). Then
Prussia began mobilizing so _________________
declared war.
e. Franco-Prussian War – ______________________:
Strasbourg, Sedan, Metz - French were isolated w/o allies
– Bismarck’s “master stroke”. pic. 153
f. __________________________– ended war –
Prussia gained _______________, most of Lorraine,
money; also the south German states joined the North
German Confederation & formed the
___________________________.
g. Bavarian King Ludwig II – paid off to accept
William I as king.
h. January 18,1871 –
______________________________________ – German
empire proclaimed & __________________became the
1st German Emperor (________________). – French –
bitter – would get revenge later.