Music Travels
Trends in Italy, Germany, France, and
England
Some Organists:
Frescobaldi, Sweelinck, and Others
• Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583–1643)
– organist at St. Peter’s in Rome
– the toccata and the partite
– Cento partite sopra passacagli (1637)
[Anthology 1-69]
• passacaglia
• chaconne
Some Organists:
Frescobaldi, Sweelinck, and Others
• Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (1562–1621)
– chief organist at Amsterdam’s Oude Kerk
– polyphonic vocal music
– keyboard compositions
• organ, harpsichord, virginal
Lutheran Adaptations
• The Chorale Partita
– polyphonic instrumental chorale setting
– Scheidt, Christ lag in Todesbanden (1624)
[Anthology 1-70]
Lutheran Adaptations
• The Chorale Partita
– polyphonic instrumental chorale setting
– Scheidt, Christ lag in Todesbanden (1624)
[Anthology 1-70]
• The Chorale Concerto
– mixed vocal and instrumental genre
– Schein, Christ lag in Todesbanden (1618)
[Anthology 1-71]
Germany, the Thirty Years War, and
Heinrich Schütz
• The Thirty Years War (1618–1648)
• Heinrich Schütz (1585–1672)
– employed by Landgrave Moritz
– studied with Gabrieli in Venice
(1609–1612)
– employed by the Elector of Saxony in
in Dresden 1614
– returns to Venice in 1628
The “Luxuriant Style”
• stylus luxurians
• stylus gravis
• Schütz, Symphoniae sacrae (1629)
– sacred concertos
– O quam tu pulchra es [Anthology 1-72]
Back to Germany at War
• 1633: Dresden musical establishment disabled
• Schütz, Kleine geistliche Concerte (1636 and
1639)
– up to 5 solo voices and continuo
Back to Germany at War
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1648: Peace of Westphalia
Symphoniae sacrae, second book (1647)
Geistliche Chor-music (1648)
Symphoniae sacrae, third book (1650)
– Saul, Saul, was verfolgst du mich? [Anthology 173]
Oratorio and Cantata
• Oratorio
• Giacomo Carissimi (1605–1674)
– Jepthe (1648)
Oratorio and Cantata
• Cantata
• Barabara Strozzi (1619–1677)
– 8 books of madrigals, cantatas, and
arias
– Diporti di Euterpe, seventh book
(1659)
• Lagrime mie [Anthology 1-75]
• Maddalena Casulana
– 3 books of madrigals (1568–1583)
• Francesca Caccini (1587 – ca. 1641)
– book of monodies (1618)
– La liberazione di Ruggerio dall’isola d’Alcina (1625)
Tragédie Lyrique: The Politics of
Patronage
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King Louis XIV (1638–1715)
Cardinal Jules Mazarin (1602–1661)
Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632–1687)
Académie Royale de Musique (est.
1669)
• Tragédie lyrique
Drama as Court Ritual
• Lully, 13 tragédie lyriques
– French Overture
– ballet de cour
– les vingt-quatre violons du Roi
(the 24 violins of the King)
– agréments, “graces”
Atys, the King’s Opera
(1676)
• [Anthology 1-76]
• Libretto by Philippe Quinault (1635–1688)
Jean-Philippe Rameau
(1683–1764)
• Castor et Pollux (1737) [Anthology 1-77]
– ariette
Jacobean England
• James I (reigned 1603–1625)
• Masques
• Consort Music
“these distracted times”
• British Civil War (1640s)
• Commonwealth (1649–1660)
Stuart Restoration
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The Restoration
Charles II
Restoration masques
Semi-operas
– The Tempest (1674)
• music by 5 different composers
– The Fairy Queen (1692)
• music by Henry Purcell
Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas
and the Question of “English Opera”
• [Anthology 1-78]
• Libretto by Nahum Tate
• Synthesis of French and Italian
ingredients
– French overture
– Italian-style solo singing
– Venetian lament