Types of Organization surgical stomatology
HISTORY of SURGICAL STOMATOLOGY AND
JAW-FACIAL SURGERY in the World AND ON
UKRAINE, THEIR OBJECT And TASK. An
INSPECTION AND PREPARATION OF PATIENT IS
TO OPERATION. ASEPSIS AND ANTISEPTIKA
Surgical stomatology - one of independent clinical
disciplines of stomatology, which studies surgical
diseases and damages of teeth, organs of cavity of
mouth, person, neck, bones of facial skeleton of,
which require the complex methods of treatment
Surgical stomatology consists of
such sections: (etiology, pathogeny,
clinic, treatment. )
• 1. Inflammatory diseases of teeth, jaws, soft fabrics of
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person and neck, organs of cavity of mouth, for
example: sharp and chronic periodontit, periostitis,
osteomielit, abscesses and phlegmons, limfadenit, etc.
On frequency they make the basic group of patients
which treat oneself in permanent establishment.
2. Traumas of organs of cavity of mouth, bones of facial
skeleton of different origin, combined damages.
3. Tumours and cancer similar diseases of person, jaws
and organs of cavity of mouth, modern methods of their
diagnostics and treatment.
4. Born and purchased defects and deformations of
person and jaws
History of development of jawfacial surgery and surgical
stomatology
is
in
Ukraine
• The department of surgical stomatology, one of the
oldest in our country, was organized in 1921 Headed her
in 1921-1951рр. the figure of science and technique,
professor is deserved. Manufacturer. Participant of four
wars, he had large knowledges and enormous scientific
experience of travmatologii and recinstraktions surgery
of jaw-facial area. In 1937. A manufacturer was select
the honoured member of the World scientific association
of stomatologies. Numerous scientists of. A manufacturer
was successfully protected by dissertations, some of
them independently managed departments and dental
facial clinics: professors of Lindenbaum,. Pravednikov,.
Forest; associate professor . Gutnik, Slutska,
• Guretska,. Shneyder, Korobkova, Gubenko, Zaslavskiy,
Tarnovskiy and other
• A department of surgical stomatology of the Ternopil
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state medical university is the name of Gorbachevskogo
In obedience to a decision state akademik of
commission
of Department of education and science
of Ukraine vid April, 1З, 2004,
protocol № 50, and by the order of rector
№ 325 from August, 26, 2004 on the Ternopil'skiy state
medical academy the name of Gorbachevskogo, openly
stomatology faculty.
April, 1З, 2004,
protocol № 50, and by the order of rector № 325 vid
August, 26, 2004 on the Ternopil'skiy state medical
academy the name of . Gorbachevskogo, openly
stomatology faculty.
• Inspection sick with surgical pathology of
face area is the complex of researches,
which are conducted for the exposure of
individual features of patient with the
purpose of establishment of diagnosis and
finding of rational treatment, looking after
motion of disease, determination of
prognosis.
If a patient grumbles about pain, at
first it follows to set:
• - possible reason of its origin (independent or appears
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after an action those or other irritants, at swallowing,
talk, related to the reception squeak or by motion of jaw,
language, dependency upon position sick);
- character (sharp or dull, burning, cutting, such which
tears pulls);
- intensity (strong, middle, weak);
- duration (permanent or napadopodibna);
- localization (poured out or local, presence of irradiation
in tu or other area);
- time of day (nightly or daily pains, seasonality, etc.).
Inspection sick begin from a
general review and determination
of his state . A doctor carries out a
review in surgical gloves and uses
the followings instruments (that are
in a sterile tray):
• 1. Spatula - for taking of lips, cheeks, language, at the
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review of cavity of mouth;
2. Pincers are stomatology or anatomic - for
determination of degree of mobility of teeth and
perkusions;
3. Stomatology mirror - for the review of teeth, back
surface of language, lingya area and sky of oral cavity
4. Dental probe - for determination of depth of dentsgingival pockets and defects of tooth , conduct
percusion of teeth the handle of probe;
Method of palpation
• back and neck limfovuzliv of subjaws a doctor inclines a
chairman sick one hand downward, and by other hand,
consistently, feels them three fingers. limfovuzli is felt in
tomu position an index finger. Cheeks, nose and lips,
bimanual must be palpaton under limfovuzli of jaws - by
the fingers of one hand from the side of cavity of mouth,
and other - outwardly. Parotid lymphatic knots
pal'pechon two-three fingers in the projection of branch
of lower jaw or in after to the jaw area of area, and also
bimanual - on the cutting edge of parotid glands. At
feeling of understern lymphatic knots (located in large
and small nadklyuchichnikh pits) a doctor becomes
behind patient and feels them three fingers, concluded
on a collar-bone.
The inspection of cavity of mouth
consists in determination of
opening of mouth, review of prewall and actually cavity of mouth
• In a norm, opening of mouth must be approximately 5
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see or on three transversal II, III, IV fingers of entered
between central chisels. Determine freely it, whether
there is not a crunch in joining, as a change of lower jaw
aside. Inflammatory processes with bringing in of
masticatory muscles do opening of mouth difficult and
sickly. There is inflammatory kontraktura of jaws de bene
esse parted on 3 degrees:
I a degree is small limitation of opening of mouth;
II degree - a mouth is opened on 1 see;
III degree - jaws are densely taken, the independent
opening of mouth is impossible a patient.
computer tomografiya • the new, notinvasiv method of diagnostics
on principle, that allows vizualizatoini
interrelation of separate organs of fabrics
in a norm and at the different pathological
states. He is based on the use of principle
of mathematical design of x-ray
photography image with a subsequent
construction by COMPUTER, according to
information received horizontal “cuts” of
parts of human body on the screen of
display.
An asepsis is a complex of
measures, entering on warning of
entering of microorganisms in a
wound, organs and fabrics of
patient in the process of any
medical manipulations.
An asepsis in surgical stomatology
includes for itself:
• preparation of cabinet;
• special treatment of hands of surgeon;
• disinfection of the operating field; sterilization of
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instruments of stomatologies; sterilization of bandaging
material and linen; sterilization of stitch material;
sterilization of fabrics and matters which enter a patient
in fabrics;
an observance of the special receptions is during medical
manipulations in surgical stomatology, which warn the
air way of passing to the infection;
organization of work of personnel in relation to
realization of the special hygienical and organizational
measures in a surgical cabinet.
An asepsis consists of two basic
moments: disinfections and
sterilizations.
• Disinfection is a complex of receptions and methods,
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directed on complete, partial or selective elimination
potentially of pathogenic for a man microorganisms on
the objects of external environment with the purpose of
break of ways of transmission of exciters of infectious
diseases vid the sources of infection to the receptive
people. The necessity of conducting of disinfection of all
objects is dictated possibility of transference of infections
patients in the hidden form in default of information
about such features in their state of health and way of
life.
Sterilization is a process of complete elimination of
microorganisms, including their forms of spores, by
application of chemical and physical methods of
influencing.
A stomatology help behaves to one
of popylar types of medicare
• . In the structure of general the dideses
populations of our country of illness of cavity of
mouth and teeth take third seat. Thus in 99 %
cases patients is establishments of ambulatory
policlinics. In the structure of diseases which
require hospitalization (about 1% patients),
leading seat is taken by odontogenni
inflammatory diseases and traumasAmbulatory
stomatology help appears an urban population
in specialized hospital and in the cabinets of
stomatologies and separations of teritorial and
medical establishments of departments.
To them belong:
• 1) policlinics of stomatologies (for adults and
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children);
2) separations (cabinets) of stomatologies in
territorial hospital, at mediko-sanitarnikh parts
3) cabinets of stomatologies are in hospitals,
dispensaries, at schools and preschool
establishments, in the higher and middle special
educational establishments.
During organization of work of establishments of
stomatologies in towns not obkhidno to connect the
known principles of centralization and detsentrali-zatsii in
giving stomatology assistance a population. At the
centralized form, adopting a population is conducted
bezpose-redne in stomatology or to the policlinic in the
stomatology separation (cabinet) of territorial policlinic
of jaw-faci he policlinics of stomatologies differentiate:
• 1. After the level of service: republican, regional, city,
district.
• 2. On subordination: territorial, departments.
• 3. On the source of financing: budgetary, selfsupporting.
• 4. On categories: in dependence on power, that the
number of visits in a change
For the best organization and
planning of stomatology helping
at every level of management of
health a guard from a number
dentistre-stomatologies of ditch
the most experimental doctorstomatolog
The structure of poli-klinik of
stomatologies is traditionally
formed contains the followings
subsections:
• 1) register office;
• 2) separation: therapeutic stomatology, surgical sto-
matologii, to orthopaedic stomatology
• child's stomatology;
• 3) cabinet of primary review;
• 4) cabinet of the first stomatology aid;
• 5) cabinet of physiotherapy;
• 6) cabinet of rentgenodiagnostiki.
In addition in a policlinic can be organized viddi-lennya
and. cabinets on a grant strictly specialized stomatology
gy which executes the functions of main specialist on
stomatologii is selected.al area
Methods of pal'patsion
Lymphatic nodes
Submandibular nodes
Submental nodes
Palpation of limphatic nodes behind
uper jaw
Substernalis nodes
Circulation of limphatic blood on
the facial arena