Biochemistry of Cells
Chapter 2.3
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Nucleic Acids
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We will discuss Nucleic
Acids more next semester
when we study Genetics!
Nucleic Acids
DNA
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Nucleic Acids
Contains Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Carbon, and Phosphorus
Are Polymers assembled from
individual monomers known as
nucleotides
Nucleotides consist of 3 parts
5-carbon sugar
phosphate group
nitrogenous base
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Nucleotide – Nucleic acid monomer
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Nucleic Acids
Store hereditary information
Contain information for making all
the body’s proteins
Two types exist
DNA
RNA
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Nucleic Acids
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar
RNA contains ribose sugar
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Bases
Each DNA
nucleotide has one
of the following
bases:
–Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
–Guanine (G)
–Thymine (T)
–Cytosine (C)
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
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Nucleic Acids - DNA
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Nucleotide Monomers
Form long chains
called DNA
Backbone
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are
joined by sugars
& phosphates on
the side
Bases
DNA strand
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DNA
Two strands of
DNA join
together to form
a double helix
Double helix
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RNA – Ribonucleic Acid
Nitrogenous base
(A,G,C, or U)
Ribose sugar
has an extra
–OH or
hydroxyl
group
It has the
base uracil (U)
instead of
thymine (T)
Uracil
Phosphate
group
Sugar (ribose)
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ATP – Cellular Energy
•ATP is used by cells for energy
•Adenosine triphosphate
•Made of a nucleotide with 3
phosphate groups
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ATP – Cellular Energy
• Energy is stored in the chemical bonds
of ATP
• The last 2 phosphate bonds are HIGH
ENERGY
• Breaking the last phosphate bond
•
releases energy for cellular work and
produces ADP and a free phosphate
ADP (adenosine Diphosphate) can be
rejoined to the free phosphate to
make more ATP
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Summary of Key Concepts
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Macromolecules
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Macromolecules
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End
Summarize your notes
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