Ch. 10:
The Byzantine
&
Muslim Civilizations
Name: ___________________________________
Mrs. Becknell
Team Quest
Name: __________________
Reading Readiness 10.1
Skim through ch. 10, sect. 1, pp 284- 290:
1) Preview the vocabulary of the section.
2) Read the headings and subheadings of the section.
3) Also, look at the pictures and captions.
4) From this information, make some predictions about the Byzantine Empire. Next to the statements
below, write “T” (True) before the state if you think it is true, or a “F” (False) if you think it is false.
After reading the section, return to these statements to see if you were right!
1. ______ During his reign the emperor Constantine stopped the persecution of the
Christians in his empire.
2. ______ Constantinople was a weak city which could fall easily to attack.
3. ______ A weak military kept the eastern half of the Roman Empire from growing strong.
4. ______ The diverse people goods, and ideas that poured into Constantinople made it a
major center of international trade.
5. ______ The early Byzantine Empire had poor leadership, which led to the fall of their
empire.
6. ______ Justinian, a Byzantine emperor, organized an old system of Roman laws into a
useful legal code for the empire.
7. ______ In the Empire’s later years, the people of the Byzantine Empire were strongly
united in their beliefs.
8. ______ Medieval Christians valued icons, or paintings, of religious people.
9. ______ After the death of Justinian, the Byzantine Empire never experienced another
period of greatness.
10. ______ Constantinople was taken over by the Turks in 1453.
Name: ________________________
10.1 The Byzantine Empire
Directions: Identify the following terms/people from either the Power Point Presentation or use
your textbook.
Constantinople at a Crossroads (pg. 285)
Byzantines
Look at slide of map
Three names of Byzantium
*
*
*
Constantine and his Capital
Why did Constantinople
become rich and powerful?
The Age of Justinian (pg.286-287)
Strengths of the Byzantine
Empire
*
*
*
*
*
Justinian
Justinian’s Code
What cultures influenced
Byzantine civilization?
*
*
*
Hagia Sofia facts
The Empire’s Later Years (pg.288-289)
schism
The Importance of Icons
What are the 3
differences that led to
schism in the Church
EAST/WEST
Why did Constantinople
finally fall?
East
West
Name: ________________________ Date: ____
Pd: ____
Justinian I
Draw a collage of at least FIVE pictures and/or symbols to represent Justinian and his rule.

He was born in 483 AD and lived until the end of his reign until 565.

In 527 his uncle Justin, was seriously ill and crowned Justinian as co-emperor. (You can
guess what happen to Justin, can’t you?)

It didn’t take long for Justinian to up the taxes to support his wars in Persia. He longed for
the grandeur of the Roman Empire. The people revolted in a riot because of the heavy
taxation and many were killed.

Justinian was going to flee the city, but his wife, Theodora, 20 years younger, encouraged
him to stay and fight. She was originally an actress and the daughter of a bear keeper and
was born in Syria. She died of cancer in June of 548.

The Byzantines had a mixture of old and new Roman Laws when he began his reign. In 534,
he appointed a commission to make a unified Code of Statutes valid for the entire Roman
World. (called Justinian’s Code)

He rebuilt St. Sophia, or (the Holy Wisdom,) after the dome collapsed from a mob
(currently called the Hagia Sophia)

On a military campaign in 554, he did recover Italy, but his own empire was on the verge of
collapse.

He left this very large empire with serious barbarian threats to his nephew Justinian II.
Name: _________________________
The Girl Who Became an Empress
– A. D. 526
Answer the following questions:
1. What adjectives would describe Theodora’s personality?
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What famous women of today would you compare her with?
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What do you think would be an appropriate punishment for these crimes?
a) Spraying graffiti on a store front
________________________________________________________________________
b) Stealing five dollars
________________________________________________________________________
c) Punching a friend during an argument
________________________________________________________________________
4. Was Justinian a good ruler?
________________________________________________________________________
5. What makes a good ruler?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Name: ________________
Comparison of Codes
Justinian Code
California Codes
SAME
Name: __________________ Istanbul- Past and Present
From the chart on page 291- top of page in your textbook, fill in the items for comparison of
Constantinople and Istanbul.
Characteristics
Constantinople
Istanbul Today
Importance
Population
Major Religions
Sources of Wealth
Languages
Challenges
Put all of the aspects from the chart on this pageBe neat!
Name: _____________________
Date: ____
F pd.
Ch. 10 Sec. 1 Quiz
Matching
KEY TERMS
Fill in the blanks by writing the letter of the correct term below. All will not be used.
a. Eastern Orthodox
f. Greek fire
b. Roman Catholic
g. Turks
c. Constantine
h. Justinian’s Code
d. Justinian
i. schism
e. Basil II
____
1. The Roman emperor ____ became a Christian and stopped the persecution of Christians in the empire.
____
2. Disputes between Byzantine Christians and the pope led to a(n) ____, or split, in the Christian church.
____
3. The Byzantine emperor rejected the authority of the pope and formed the ___________ __________ church.
____
4. An collection of laws, organized for use by the Byzantine empire.
____
5. They attacked Constantinople, defeated the Byzantines, and built their own imperial capital, called Istanbul.
____
6. A great Byzantine emperor, whose rule began in 527, he expanded women’s rights.
____
7. A secret, petroleum-based weapon, used by the Byzantines to ward off enemies.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
KEY CONCEPTS
____
8. Constantinople grew rich because it
a. borrowed money from the Roman Empire.
b. was located in a natural crossroads of trade.
c. had an unpredictable ruler.
d. used “Greek fire” to defend its capital against attacks.
____
9. The Byzantines recorded and saved the knowledge of
a. ancient China.
b. only ancient Rome.
c. ancient Greece and Rome.
d. only ancient Greece.
____ 10. The long reign of ____ was the most exceptional period of the Byzantine Empire’s final period of greatness.
a. Basil II
c. Justinian
b. Constantine
d. Uthman
Ch. 10 The Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
Name: _____________________
Date: ____ 10.2 Word-Search Puzzle
Find the following hidden words by circling or by highlighting:
Sunni, Shiites, Quran, Muhammad, Mecca, mosque, caravan, Bedouins,
Islam, nomads, caliph, Muslim, medina, muezzin, Allah,
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THEN turn you page over and define the words you have found. They will
be on a future matching test.
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Ch. 10 The Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
1. Sunni- _____________________________________________________________
2. Shiites ____________________________________________________________
3. Quran _____________________________________________________________
4. Muhammad ________________________________________________________
5. Mecca- ____________________________________________________________
6. Mosque- ___________________________________________________________
7. Caravan- __________________________________________________________
8. Bedouins- _________________________________________________________
9. Islam- ____________________________________________________________
10. Caliph- __________________________________________________________
11. Muslim- _________________________________________________________
12. Medina- ___________________________________________________________
13. Muezzin- __________________________________________________________
14. Allah- ____________________________________________________________
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Ch. 10 The Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
Name: ___________________________
10.2 The Beginnings of Islam
Directions: Identify the following terms/people. Use your question words as a guide.
The Arabian Peninsula (pg. 293-294)
Muhammad
prophet
Nomads
caravan
Mecca
Why did Bedouins
make good guides
for traders?
The Prophet Muhammad (pg.294-295)
Muslim
Hijra
Why did
Muhammad go to
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Ch. 10 The Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
Yathrib?
Muezzin
Mosque
The Five Pillars
*
*
*
*
*
Quran
other spellings are
Koran and Qur’an
What are the roles
of Women?
What issues split the
Shiites and Sunnis?
Other notes:
13
Ch. 10 The Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
Name: __________________
Women in Islam
I. Directions: After reading the article, “Women in Islam” answer the questions below.
1. Name rights the Quran gives Muslim women that women in the United States also
enjoy. _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. In what ways do Muslim men have superiority over Muslim women?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What rights do Muslim women enjoy that Muslim men do not?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
II. Directions: Now, read the poem, “Object of Despair,” by Fahim Firfiray and respond:
4. To be “repressed” means to be held back and put down. Does the author of this poem
believe that Muslim women are “repressed?” How do you know?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Who does the author believe IS repressed? How do you know?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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Ch. 10 The Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
Name: _________________________
Facing Mecca
Read, highlight important facts, and answer the questions on the back.
The Arabian Peninsula is mostly desert. In the 632, it lay far from the world’s center of power.
A century later, people from France to India were facing in its direction five times a day. They
were the people of Islam, which was a religion, and empire, and a culture all at once.
The story of Islam begins in the town of Mecca, in western Arabia and begins with a man named
Muhammad. He was a trader, born around 570 AD, who was widely respected for his honesty.
In 613, Muhammad began to preach a new religion to the people of Mecca. There was only one
God, he taught, using the Arabic name Allah. People must submit to Allah’s will. That is what
Islam means- “submission.” Mohammad’s followers were called Muslims, meaning “those who
accept the power of Allah.”
Arabs were familiar with the idea of one God from the many Jews and Christians living among
them. Islam’s simple faith and Muhammad’s charisma soon attracted followers. In 622, his
enemies forced him to flee Mecca for the town of Medina: there Islam took form. Muhammad
set down its ideas in a book called the Koran. The name means “recitation,” as the Muslims
believe that an angel dictated the words to Mohammad. Islam meant accepting Allah as the only
God and Muhammad as his messenger. All believers were equal. The rich should share their
wealth with the poor, Muslims should pray five times a day, and they should face toward Mecca,
the Arab’s ancient religious center, just as Jews prayed facing Jerusalem.
Before 632, when Muhammad died, he had won thousands of followers among the Arabs and
captured Mecca. It was his successor (caliphs in Arabic) who turned Islam into a world force.
To the north and west of Arabia was the Byzantine Empire. It was a Christian, Greek speaking
state made up of the eastern half of the old Roman Empire and to west was the Persian Empire,
which had stood for more than a thousand years. Both of these empires were worn out after
fighting each other. Neither had paid much attention to the desert tribesmen gathering to the
south.
No empire in history had ever grown as fast as Islam’s. In 633, an Islamic army took Syria and
Mesopotamia. By 639, they were in Egypt, and the following year, they toppled the Persian
Empire. By 670, Islam ruled all of North Africa. In 711, the conquest of Spain began. The
Muslim army reached what is now France before being turned back in 732.
The caliphs did not rule a united empire for long, but Islamic culture led the world for centuries.
After 800, the center of this culture was Baghdad in today’s Iraq. Trade goods and ideas from
China, India, Europe, and Africa passed through Baghdad. It was a city of wealth, art and
learning especially in math and science. Algebra was originally an Arabic word. So were many
terms used in astronomy, including the names for many of the stars. Ancient Greek works of
thought and science were translated in Arabic in Baghdad’s school. And from Baghdad came the
collection of stories called The Thousand and One Nights. It includes the familiar takes of
Sheherazade, Aladdin, Ali Baba and Sinbad.
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Ch. 10 The Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
Fill in or circle the following questions about the reading.
1. The Arabian Peninsula is location for what major desert country (you might need to look on a map)
__________________________________________________________
2. Muhammad’s followers were called _______________Which means ___________
__________________________________
3. This is what Muhammad’s successors were called ____________________
4. Muhammad was born here _________________, but fled to this place _____________
5. The third paragraph says Islam has a similarity to another religion which is:
a. Allah
b. Judaism
c. Mesopotamian
d. Hinduism
6. After reading, you can conclude that most people in the countries conquered by Islam’s empire
a. were killed
b. believed in many gods
c. became Muslims
d. fled to other lands
7. Which of these events happened last?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Muhammad fled to Medina
The Muslim army was turned back in France
Muhammad began to preach Islam.
The Muslim army took over North Africa
8. Which of these statements is an opinion?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Islam’s simple faith and Muhammad’s charisma attracted followers.
Before Muhammad died, he had won thousands of followers.
The stories coming from Baghdad include adventures of Aladdin and Sinbad.
Ancient Greek works of science were translated in Arabic.
9. In paragraph 3, the word charisma means
a. simple, unquestioning faith
b. belief in equality
c. strongly appealing personalityd. flight from Mecca
10. The numbers 0-9 that we use today in mathematics are called “Arabic numerals”, even though they
were invented in India. Use information from this reading to explain why this might be so.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
16
Ch. 10 The Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
Name: ________________________ 10.3 The Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
Directions: Identify the following terms/people. Use your textbook or from the Power Point
Presentation
The Spread of Islam (pg. 301-302)
Omar Khayyam
Compare Muslim rulers and
Byzantine rulers.
The Golden Age (pg. 302-303)
Caliphs
Harun ar-Rashid
List achievements of the
Golden Age.
sufis
What did the Sufis teach?
17
Ch. 10 The Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
Prediction: What do you think this means?
Answer: Contributions of Muslims to the World
A
B
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Ch. 10 The Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
Ch. 10 Study Guide
I.
Define the following terms/ events:
Constantinople
Justinian’s Code
Schism
Mosque
Quran
Bedouins
Prophet
Caliph
Mecca
Islam
Allah
Muslim
Caravan
Wudu
Sunnis
Shiites
Sufis
II.
Identify the following people:
Constantine
Justinian
Theodora
Muhammad
Harun ar-Rashid
III.
Omar Khayyam
Answer the following:
1) How did Constantinople become rich and powerful? How did it eventually fall?
2) Explain why the Eastern Orthodox Catholic Church and the Western Roman Catholic
Church broke apart in the year 1054.
3) Compare Constantinople to Istanbul- how are the cities alike? How are they different?
4) How do Muslims believe Muhammad received Allah’s message?
5) Basic Muslim beliefs are expressed in the Five Pillars of Islam. What are the practices
included in these pillars?
6) Be able to label a diagram of a mosque and explain the significance of each of these
major parts: Minaret, Mihrab, Minbar, Fountain/Ablution area, Prayer mat, Courtyard
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Ch. 10 The Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations
7) What are some major similarities and differences between Islam, Christianity, and
Judaism?
8) What made 800- 1100 AD “The Golden Age”? What was the capital of the Islamic
Empire at this time?
IV.
SHORT ANSWER
9) Was Justinian a good ruler? Why or why not? (Be able to provide three reasons to back
up your opinion)
10) Are Muslim women equal to Muslim men? State your opinion and defend it with three
facts.
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