Chapter 16 People, Places & Events
Nuremberg Laws
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Neutrality Acts
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Spanish Civil War (Franco
Francisco’s Rebellion)
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Anschluss
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Kristallnacht
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Munich Pact
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1935
Stripped Jews of German citizenship, jobs, &
property
Jews had to wear a yellow star of David to identify
themselves
Similarities to Jim Crow Laws in the South after
Reconstruction
1st 2 outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war
3rd extended the ban on arms sales and loans to
nations in a civil war
FDR get around these in 1937 when Japan invades
Manchuria since China did not officially declare
war on Japan
1936 – Franco Francisco rebels against Spanish
gov’t and the civil war begins
Rome-Berlin Axis – Italy, USSR, and Germany send
troops and advisors and lots of supplies to support
the rebellion.
Most of Austria’s occupants were German speaking
people who favored unification
March 12, 1938 – German troops march into
Austria unopposed and announce “Anschluss” or
unification with Austria
November 9-10, 1938
“Night of Broken Glass”
Storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses,
and synagogues across Austria and Germany
100 Jews killed, thousands injured, 30,000 arrested
Nazis blamed the Jews for the destruction after
The “Final Solution” is put into place soon after in
1939 – this “Final Solution” was the systematic
murder of Jews and other “undesirables”
September 30, 1938 – Neville Chamberlin (Britain)
and France’s premier sign pact with Hitler to give
him the Sudetenland
Hitler promised that this would be his last
territorial demand
Chamberlin only agreed because he thought that
this would save Europe from going to war
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Nonaggression Pact
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Blitzkrieg
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Cash Carry Provision
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The Ardennes
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Vichy Government
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The British were happy but Churchill thought war
was inevitable and the pact was dishonorable
Broke pact on March 15, 1939 – invaded
Czechoslovakia
Between USSR and Germany on August 23, 1939
USSR said that they would not interfere with
Germany’s invasion of Poland
Spilt Poland between the two of them
Said they would not fight one another
Danger of 2 front war is eliminated for Germany
Strategy used when Germany invaded Poland on
September 1, 1939
“Lightning War” – take enemy by surprise and and
quickly crush all opposition with overwhelming
force
Two days later France and G.B. declare war on
Germany
Major fighting in Poland was over within a couple
weeks, though. GB and France couldn’t mobilize in
time to help.
September 1939
Warring nations can buy arms with cash as long as
they use their own ships to transport the goods
French – Maignot Line / German – Siegfried Line
“Phony War” – both sitting waiting for something
to happen
April 9, 1940 – Hitler starts surprise attack on
France through the forest
French soldiers fled across the English channel
Italy attacks France from the South at the same
time
June 22, 1940 – The French surrender
The Vichy government, which is a Nazi controlled
puppet government, is set up in the South and the
North is occupied by the Nazis (both which were
terms in Hitler’s surrender agreement with the
French)
Charles de Gaulle flees to England and sets up a
government in exile for the French
Battle of Britain
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Tripartite Act
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Lend Lease Act
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Summer 1940
2,600 German planes at Hitler’s disposal
London is bombed consistently for 2 months
The British Royal Air Force (RAF) fight back and
use new technology (radar) in order to win the
battle
Because of the time and supplies lost, Hitler gives
up on conquering Great Britain
September 27, 1940
Italy, Germany, and Japan all form a formal alliance
Officially become the Axis powers
This was done to keep the United States out of the
war
If the US declared war on any of the 3 countries
then the other two would automatically declare
war on the US, so the US would immediately begin
fighting a two-front war
March 1941
Great Britain has no more cash to give the US for
supplies under the Cash/Carry provision
Congress puts into effect the Lend Lease Act which
allows the US to lend and lease arms and supplies
to countries whose “defense was vital to the United
State’s”
FDR said that it was like “lending a garden hose to
a neighbor whose house is on fire”
Soon after this act was put into place Hitler goes
back on the nonaggression pact and attacks the
Soviet Union
FDR starts lending to the USSR because of this
Selective Training &
Service Act
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Wolf Packs
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Hitler send submarines or U-boats to patrol the
Atlantic so that Lend/Lease ships could not get to
the USSR or Great Britain
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As many as 40 U-boats would patrol at a time,
these large numbers of submarines all patrolling at
the same time were called “wolfpacks”
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Congress boosts defense spending and institutes
the first peacetime military draft
Men 21-35 were registered
Atlantic Charter
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June 1941 – FDR says that US ships are allowed to
attack U-boats in self defense
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350,000 tons of supplies could be gone in a months
time
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Finally with the use of radar and air attacks the
wolf packs were under control in 1943
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Roosevelt and Churchill’s secret meeting
Churchill tried to convince FDR to go to Congress
and try to get them to declare war
FDR said that he could not do that since there had
been no attack on the US
Did agree that “security, disarmament, selfdetermination, economic cooperation, and freedom
of the seas” were all in both of the countries’ best
interest
These mutual factors all became the blue print for
the “United Nations” or Allies (which included 26
different nations) and was signed soon after
Tojo (Japanese dictator) begins taking over French
bases in Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, & Laos)
U.S. cuts trade with Japan in order to show
disapproval of these acts (this trade cut also cuts
oil which the Japanese need desperately)
Because the Japanese need oil so badly, peace talks
between the Japanese and US begin
On Nov. 5, 1941 the US deciphers a message that
Tojo had sent to his men that told the navy to
prepare an attack of the US
Peace talks continue through the month, but FDR
warns generals
On Dec. 6, 1941 the US deciphers a message from
Tojo to his men to reject all peace proposals from
the US
Early on Dec. 7, 1941 the Japanese attack Pearl
Harbor, kill over 2,000 men, and destroy much of
the United State’s navy
On Dec. 8 the US declares war on Japan with full
isolationist support
Italy and Germany declare war on the US a few
days later
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Pearl Harbor
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