Renaissance States--New
Monarchies
Characteristics
 1. Centralized royal authority.
-Weakened Estate system
 2. Supressed nobility
-Weakened Estate system
 3. Controlled the church
-Further decline of Catholic authority
-Use of diplomats
 4. Forced loyalty from their subjects
-Carrot and the Stick
England
 England
 War of the Roses (14551485) Lancaster vs. York
 Henry VII Tudor (a
Lancaster-1485 – 1509)-wins
 No more livery and
maintenance--weakened
nobles
 Beginning of the Court of
Star Chamber--scared
nobles
 Avoided war and won over
the middle class (gentry)
with low taxes
Spain
 Unification of Castile
and Aragón (1469)-Ferdinand and Isabella
 Created a new
governmental
bureaucracy--the Royal
council---middle class
lawyers.
 Appointed own clergy
 Establishment of
professional royal army
 Religious uniformity
 The Inquisition
 Conquest of Granada
 Expulsion of the Jews
 Expulsion of Muslims
(1502)
Eastern Europe
 Poland--monarchy lost
power to nobles, who
could elect kings through
control of the Sejm
The Church in the Renaissance
 John Wycliff (1328-84) and Lollards
 John Hus (1374 – 1415)
 Urged the elimination of
worldliness and corruption of
the clergy
 Burned at the stake (1415)
@ Council of Constance
 Church Councils
-weakened the papacy with
Sacrosancta and Frequens
 The Papacy responded--Pius II
with Execrabilis in 1460
 Crusades attempt
 Erotic texts!
The Renaissance Papacy
 The Papacy responded-Pius II with Execrabilis in
1460
 Nepotism--Sixtus IV
made five of his nephews
cardinals, 1471-1484.
 Alexander VI and
debauchery (1492-1503)
 Julius II (1503 – 1513)
 “Warrior Pope”
 Patrons of Culture
 Leo X (1513 – 1521)-archbishop at 8?
- Hanno, the pet
elephant?