UNIT 1 NOTES
Chapter 13 – Expansion of American Industry
Chapter 15 – Politics, Immigration, & Urban Life
America: Pathways to the Present
Chapter 15
Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life
(1870–1915)
 CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain the changes in late 1800’s urban life
relating to Immigration, Industrialization, and Politics in the
Gilded Age.
 Objective: 1.5: Analyze the challenges immigrants and cities faced
late 1800s urban cities.
 Objective 1.6: How did urban living conditions change as cities
rapidly expanded in the late 1800s?
American Industry will grow with positive and negative
consequences
Presidents of the United
States
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George Washington; Federalist (1788)
John Adams; Federalist (1796)
Thomas Jefferson (1800)
James Madison (1808)
James Monroe (1816)
John Quincy Adams (1824)
Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828)
Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836)
William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840)
John Tyler; Whig (1841)
#11 - 20
James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)
Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)
Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)
Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)
James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)
Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)
Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)
Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)
Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)
James Garfield; Republican (1880)
#21 - …
Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)
Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)
William McKinley; Republican (1896)
Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)
America: Pathways to the Present
Chapter 15: Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life (1870–1915)
Section 1: Politics in the Gilded Age
Section 2: People on the Move
Section 3: The Challenge of the Cities
Section 4: Ideas for Reform
CHAPTER 15 SECTION 3
THE CHALLENGE OF CITIES
LIVING CONDITIONS
 Apartments
 Many 1800s city workers lived in run-down slums & tenements
 To make ends meet, a family of eight living in a 2-room apartment
would take in as many as six boarders
 Many did not have beds to sleep on; no windows to the outside
 Few had toilets, running water, access to fresh air
 This resulted in high rates of infectious disease
 Diphtheria, typhoid fever, pneumonia
 Sanitation
 Streets: manure, open gutters, factory smoke, poor trash collection
Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives
First Flash Photography
Pictures
like this
are
shown
to the
wealthy
for the
first
time
This
leads to
change as
sanitation
laws are
created
and
slums are
shut
down
THE NEW TENEMENT
THE 1900s
CHANGES
 Slowly
changes
happen at the
turn of the
20th Century
 Contractors
hired to sweep
streets, collect
garbage, clean
outhouses
 Cities
develop
sanitation
and building
codes for a
healthier
environment
 By 1900, cities
develop sewer
lines, create
sanitation
departments
 Filtration
introduced
1870s,
chlorination in
1908
CHAPTER 15 SECTION 4
IDEAS FOR REFORM
Settlement Houses
 Settlement houses served as
community centers and social
service agencies that helped the
needy.
 Hull House, a settlement
house in Chicago, offered
social services:
 cultural events, classes,
childcare, employment
assistance, and health-care
clinics.
 Founded by Jane Adams
Purity Crusaders
 The temperance movement,
an organized 1800s
campaign to eliminate
alcohol use
 Three major groups led the
movement and supported
prohibition, a ban on the
manufacture and sale of alcoholic
beverages.

These groups believed that drinking
led to personal tragedies, and they also
saw a link among saloons, immigrants,
and political bosses.
Purity Crusaders
 As cities grew, drugs, gambling,
prostitution, and other forms of vice
(immoral or corrupt behavior)
became big business.
 Many residents fought to rid their
communities of these activities.
 “Purity crusaders” led the way.
They fought against such things as
the sending of obscene materials
through the mail, saloons, and
political machines.
 Settlement houses of the late 1800s offered poor city dwellers
a.
b.
c.
d.
Money.
Protection from crime.
Social services.
Protection from political machines.
 Which of the following best characterizes living conditions of
urban areas by the early 1900s?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A growing middle-class population
Open spaces, trees, and grass
Ethnically mixed neighborhoods
Slums and tenements
 Settlement houses of the late 1800s offered poor city dwellers
a.
b.
c.
d.
Money.
Protection from crime.
Social services.
Protection from political machines.
 Which of the following best characterizes living conditions of
urban areas by the early 1900s?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A growing middle-class population
Open spaces, trees, and grass
Ethnically mixed neighborhoods
Slums and tenements
CRASH COURSE
 Cities and Immigration!
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRhjqqe750A
&index=26&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593e
G7ObzO7s