BASIC FIRST AID
NC STATE University
Fire Marshal’s Office
Fire Marshal’s Office
2610 Wolf Village Way
Campus Box 8007
Raleigh, NC 27607
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Stay calm
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Be prepared
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Use Universal Precautions
General Rules of First Aid
Blood and body fluids of all persons are
considered infectious
 Body fluids are: saliva, nasal and wound
drainage, vomit, urine and feces
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Universal Precautions
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Hand washing
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Gloves
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Trash Disposal
Universal Precautions
Does any one know how long your
suppose to wash your hand???
 For 20 seconds! Make sure to use warm
water and soap!
 You can sing the Happy Birthday Song or
sing your ABC’s
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Hand Washing Tips!
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Wear gloves as barrier protection when
touching body fluids
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Minimizes exposure to any substances
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Wash hands thoroughly after gloves are
removed
Protect your hands
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If garments are penetrated by blood or
fluids, the clothing needs to be removed
and skin washed immediately.
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This will minimize the potential for
infection through the skin.
Contaminated Clothing/Skin
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No breathing or
pulse
Difficulty breathing
Eye injury
Prolonged seizure
(greater than 5
minutes)
Allergic reactions
Hemorrhage
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Heatstroke
Chest pain
Back/neck/head
injury
Burns to large area
of the body
Penetrating injury
Poison ingestion
Examples of Serious
Injury/Illness
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Do not move the patient unless
danger exists to patient
Ensure safety to yourself FIRST!
Universal precautions
Assess for life threatening conditions
Render first aid
Activate 911
Serious Injury or Illness
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Call 911
– Retrieve AED (if available)
– Assess CAB’s
– Airway - position the patient to open
it
– Breathing - If absent, give mouth to
mouth if barrier device is available
– Circulation - check for pulse, if
absent, start CPR and make sure 911
has been called.
If person is unconscious…
Simple Two Step Method
1. Call 9-1-1!
2. Start chest
compressions
Do compressions at a
rate of 100 a minute!
• Hard
• Fast
• Deep
CPR
http://youtu.be/2J-oSj5IkEY
How to do CPR
 Call 9-1-1
 Turn on AED
 Follow the directions
 Place pads on
victims clean & dry
chest
 Allow AED to
analyze patient
 Continue CPR till
shock is advised. If
no shock is advised,
continue CPR
Automated External Defibrillator
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Call 9-1-1
Start chest compressions
Try to locate an AED
If AED is available, turn on the AED and follow
directions.
If help is available, have someone use AED while
others are continuing on with chest
compressions.
Place pads on victims clean and dry chest.
◦ Men may have a hairy chest
◦ Ladies may have on a bra
◦ If victim is wet or sweaty, take a dry towel or cloth and
dry he or she off.
While CPR is being performed..
• Continue with compressions till the AED has
analyzed the patient
• A shock will be advised or not advised
• If advised…
• Clear everyone from around the patient so that
the shock may be delivered
• If not advised…
• Continue on with CPR until EMS arrives and take
over
While CPR is being performed..
Apply direct pressure
 Elevate the injured part unless a fracture
is suspected
 If bleeding cannot be controlled or
internal bleeding suspected…call 911
 Treat for shock
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Bleeding Wounds
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Cleanse wound with antiseptic or soap
and water
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Apply dressing / bandage if wound is
bleeding
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Depending on the severity, evaluate need
for EMS
Cuts and Abrasions
http://youtu.be/7fZ3sle8o9k
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Position head slightly
forward (Sniffing
position)
Apply firm pressure to
lower portion of nose
for at least 5 minutes
Advise against nose
blowing
Apply ice
Consider need for
hospital/urgent care
transport if bleeding
lasts longer than 20
minutes
Nosebleeds
1st Degree: Minor
burn with no blisters
present & most
common
 Apply cool water for
15 minutes
 Do not apply
ointments
 Apply a cool wet
dressing
Burns
http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=vwpkrkWrXVI
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Flush with water for at least 5 minutes
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Do not attempt to remove any embedded
objects
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If pain persists, determine the need for
EMS /
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Hospital / Urgent Care transport
Eye- Foreign Body
Call 911 if decreased level of
consciousness
 Identify the poison, amount consumed,
and time of
ingestion if possible
 Call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 for
instructions
 Send the poison and any vomit to hospital
with victim
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Poisons
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Position on side if possible, protect
yourself and patient from injury
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Do not insert anything into their mouth
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Call 911 if first time seizure or if seizure
activity is continuous and lasts longer
than 5 minutes
Seizures
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Assess for partial or
complete obstruction
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If unable to cough,
speak or breathe,
administer the
Heimlich Maneuver
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Call 911 and continue
Heimlich Maneuver
Choking
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=htzRcv1Z6_s
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Signs/symptoms
– Cool, clammy skin
– Weak, nausea, cramps
– Feeling faint
Treatment
– Rest, lie down
– Keep cool
– Give sips of water, up to one quart
Heat exhaustion
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Remain calm
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Protect yourself FIRST by using universal
precautions
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Protect victim from further injury
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Call 911 if you have any doubts or encounter
any situation that you are not comfortable
with
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Questions????
Summary
NC STATE University
Fire Marshal’s Office
firesafetyhelp@ncsu.edu
Office: 919-515-2568
Police: 919-515-3000
THANK YOU!!!