Common Guidelines
for
Watershed Development Projects
1
Rainfed Agriculture
• About 60% of net-sown area of India & 82% of the world is
rainfed.
• Rainfed area support 40% of population, 66% livestock and
contribute 40% to the food production.
• About 87% area of pulses and minor millets, 77% oil seeds,
66% cotton & 50% cereals are rain dependent.
• 100% of forest and grazing lands, 80% of apples, mangoes and
temperate fruits are un-irrigated.
• Seed spices, herbals, guar gum and other special attribute
crops are unique for the rainfed area.
2
Fig.1 Comparative growth (%) in the Net State Domestic
Product in more than 40% irrigated and more than 60%
rainfed agricutlure
5
4.01 (rainfed)
4
3
2.9
2.07
2
irrigated
irrigated
1
0
-0.14 (rainfed)
-1
1985-1995
1996- 2004
3
Rainfed Agriculture & Watershed
Management
• Rainfed agriculture is complex, diverse, under invested, risky,
vulnerable and distress prone.
• Due to climatic changes, frequency of extreme weather events
like droughts has increased during past 15 years.
• Watershed management is the best option for integrated
management of resources to alleviate poverty, hunger and
distress.
• Common Guidelines for convergence, coordination and
harmonization of development projects were necessary.
4
Commonalities among the past guidelines.
S. No
Item
1
National level
schemes/program
2
Watershed approach
3
Institutions
MoA
MoRD
MoE&F
NWDPRA
& other
DDP, DPAP,
IWDP
NAP
Yes
Yes
Yes
i. PIA
i. PIA
i. JFMC
ii. WA/ WC
ii. WA/ WC
ii. FDA
4
Registration under Societies Act
Yes
Yes
Yes (except
JFCM)*
5
All adult members constitute
General body of WA
Yes
Yes
Yes
6
Joint Operation of A/C
Yes
Yes
Yes
7
Overhead/Administrative cost
in %age
10
10
10
8
Contributions or sharamdan
Corpus fund
WDF
VDF
*JFMCs are registered with territorial or wildlife DFO.
5
What is New & Innovative ?
• The new guidelines have been built on the past 14 years of
experience of all the stakeholder Ministries.
• Internalises the new policies, economic reforms, programmes,
schemes and paradigms.
• Role of the Panchayati Raj Institutions and NGO’s has been
addressed adequately.
• Foreclosure of the projects introduced.
• Emphasizes, convergence, integration of natural resource
management, productivity, livelihood and income. Farming
system, micro-enterprising, unique activities for landless,
assestless, small and marginal farmers.
• Allocation of funds to states, districts and selection of projects
made objective.
6
Key Features
•
Delegating powers to the States for sanctioning and
implementation of projects.
•
Dedicated institutions of multi-disciplinary
professionals at national, state and district level.
•
Strengthening of institutions at national, state and
district level to ensure professionalism.
•
Project duration has been made flexible into 3
distinct phases to expand the scope.
•
Livelihoods have been focused through integrated
farming systems.
7
•
Clustering of small watershed in the range of 1000-5000
ha areas to optimize transaction cost.
•
Scientific planning and capacity building for innovative
new paradigms.
•
Multi tier Ridge to valley implementation with inter
departmental coordination and net working emphasized.
In many cases Forest Department has to play major role.
8
Guiding Principles
•
Equity and gender inclusiveness.
•
Centrality of community and stakeholders
participation.
•
Transparency through operating of joint accounts.
•
Facilitating agencies for social mobilisation,
community organisation proposed.
•
Role of VO has been defined.
•
Capacity building for new technological inputs.
•
Monitoring, evaluation and learning.
9
Organization of development is process based
National Level
Local Level
NRM,
Income &
employment
generation
State Level
District Level
Emphasis on decentralization
10
Institutional Arrangements at National Level
• Role of NRAA has been defined.
• Institutional arrangements at the Ministerial level and
their roles are illustrated.
• Responsibilities for approving projects transferred to
the States.
• Matters related with policies, perspective planning,
allocation of budget, monitoring & evaluation
strengthened.
• Direct remittance of funds to dedicated accounts.
• A National Data Centre and portal provided.
11
Institutional Arrangements at State Level
• A dedicated mechanism of State Level Nodal Agency
(SLNA) is proposed wherever necessary.
• SLNA will be chaired by the Development
Commissioner/Addl. Chief Secretary/Agricultural
Production Commissioner/Principal Secretary of the
concerned Department or equivalent rank.
• SLNA will be represented by all concerned
Departments of the State, one representative from the
Central Nodal Ministry, NRAA, VO and professional
experts.
12
Major Functions of SLNA
• The main function of the SLNA will be to prepare
perspective and strategic plans.
• Approve PIA, projects and evaluators etc.
• Sanction projects according to perspective and
strategic plans.
• Provide support to District Watershed Development
Unit (DWDU).
13
Institutional Arrangements at District level
• If the project area is more than 25,000 ha, a dedicated
District Watershed Development Unit (DWDU) will
be set up.
• If the area is less than 25,000 ha the existing
arrangements will be followed.
• DWDU will coordinate with District Planning
Committee for convergence.
• DWDU will have multi-disciplinary professionals.
14
Major Functions of DWDU
• Identify potential PIA & recommend to SLNA.
• Prepare strategic plans for watershed development
projects.
• Provide professional/ technical support to PIA and
many other functions.
• Facilitate coordination with relevant programmes/
schemes and many other functions.
15
Institutional Arrangements at Project Level
• The project implementing agency will be selected on the basis
of definite criteria.
• The implementing agency will constitute a multi- disciplinary
professional Watershed Development Team (WDT).
• Watershed Committee with elected/ nominated Chairman by
Gramsabha.
• Self-Help Group amongst poor, landless, small and marginal
farmers.
• User group around activities.
• A joint account will be operated by Secretary of Watershed
Committee and WDT nominee as a measure of transparency.
• The project will be implemented in 3 distinct phases.
16
Role of Panchayati Raj Institutions
• The District Planning Committee will provide governance
support to the programme.
• The District Panchayat/ Zila Parishad and Intermediary
Panchayats will have important role in matters relating to coordination, review of progress, settling disputes and foreclosing of the projects.
• The gram sabha will enable democratic process.
• The gram sabha will supervise Watershed Committee,
authenticate accounts/ expenditure, facilitate convergence,
maintain assets register and allocate usufructs.
17
Allocation of Funds
• Nodal Ministry/Department Will allocate budgetary
outlay for projects among the States based on past
performance, State’s perspective Plan, percentage of
rainfed area & wastelands/ degraded lands.
• SLNA will distribute funds to districts based on
perspective Plan, and percentage of rainfed area &
wasteland/degraded lands/Panchayat lands.
• States will sanction their Projects within the state
allocation.
• Nodal Ministry will release funds for on going and newly
sanctioned project to the states.
18
Budget component
% of the Budget
Project Management:
- Administrative costs
- Monitoring
- Evaluation
10
1
1
Preparatory phase, including:
- Entry point activities,
- Institution and capacity building
- Detailed Project Report (DPR)
4
5
1
Watershed Works Phase:
- Watershed development works,
- Livelihood activities for the asset less persons,
- Production system and micro enterprises.
Consolidation phase
50
10 Equity
13
5
Total
100
19
Other Key Components
• Watershed Development or corpus Fund through
contributions.
• Farming systems for efficient use of inputs and
natural resources.
• Capacity building.
• Revision of financial norms is under consideration.
20
Comparison of Hariyali, 2003 and
Common Guidelines, 2008
S. No.
Contents
Hariyali Guidelines, 2003 Common Guidelines, 2008
1
Programmes
Three programmes IWDP, Single Programme IWMP
DPAP, DDP
2
Project Area
One micro-watershed (500 A
cluster
of
microha average size)
watersheds (1000 ha to 5000
ha)
3
Selection of Project area did not Assured
irrigation
area
watershed
exclude assured irrigation excluded from project area
area
4
Cost per ha.
Rs. 6,000
Rs. 12,000- 15000(proposed)
5.
Project
Period
5 years
4 to 7 years
6
Number of Five (15%, 30%, 30%, Three (20%, 50%, 30%)
Installments 15%, 10%)
Cntd……
21
S. No. Contents
Hariyali Guidelines, 2003
Common Guidelines, 2008
7
Fund Allocation Training & Comm. Mobi. 5% Training 5%
Admn. 10%
Admn. 10%
Mon. & Eval. 2%
Works 85%
Works 78%
Consolidation 5%
8
Institutional
Support
Weak Institutional
arrangements
9
Role of States
Only
advisory
and Sanctioning authority for
supervisory with no budget projects
with
funding
support
support for monitoring
10
PIA at Project Line Departments/
level
Autonomous Body/ PRI
Dedicated
Institutional
Structures at National,
District, Project and Village
level
Line Departments/
Autonomous Body/ VO
22
S. No. Contents
Hariyali Guidelines, 2003
Common Guidelines, 2008
11
PIA at Village Gram Panchayat
level
Watershed Committee
12
Training
2.5% of project funds
5% of project funds
13
Planning
No separate component
1% for DPR Preparation with
scientific inputs
14
Monitoring &
Evaluation
No separate component
Mid-term & final evaluation
2% of project cost Concurrent
& Post Project evaluation
including evaluation of DPR
15
Sustainability
Weak mechanism with WDF Consolidation Phase with WDF
as a tool
and livelihood component as a
tool
16
Foreclosure
Not provided
Provided
17
Central Share
and State
Share
75:25 for DPAP and DDP
11:1 for IWDP
90:10 for IWMP
23
Part - II
Convergence
24
CONVERGENCE
•
2 + 2 = 6?
•
This is possible by realising synergies,
complementarities through the process of planning,
harmonization and rationalization.
•
This is necessary due to paradigm shift in the
progressive policies, programmes and investment
portfolio like NREGA, RKVY, BRGF etc.
•
New common guidelines of the Watershed
Development projects and NREGA guidelines
specifically provide convergence.
25
•
Decentralization of functions to SLNA in the
new guidelines of watershed management
projects and RKVY have been institutionalised.
•
Setting up of the constitutional bodies like DPC
enables the convergence process.
•
There could be some difficulties with a few
clauses of various guidelines of the schemes to
be converged and they could be looked into
26
Objective
• To establish convergence and synergy among ongoing
governmental programmes for sustainable livelihood
of rural population
• To ensure proper linkage in the process, planning and
implementation of various governmental programmes
• To maximise economic, ecological and social benefits
from existing investment and infrastructure created
under various programmes/schemes
Convergence of Resources
• NREGA
(40% material)
•SGSY
(Self employment)
•Vth & VIth
schedule
• IWMP
Optimizing Crops
Horticulture
Live-Stock
Farming Systems
Inputs , Credit,
Insurance &
Derivatives
Consumption loan
BRGF
. NWDPRA
. Micro Irrigation
. AGWR, AIBP
. CAMPA
• Hort. & Bamboo
Mission
•Rural electrification
(Single Phase RGGV)
•Non-Conventional energy
•Rural Roads
(Bharat Nirman)
•Marketing
•Planning at the grass-root
•Convergence opportunities matrix
28
Convergence at planning level
• Institution (planning unit)
• Process
• Activities
Convergence of Activities
• Kachha to Pucca (Value addition into NREGA
activities) i.e. PMGSY, BRGF, Horticulture Mission,
National Food Security Mission, RKVY
• Infrastructure to Income (Sustainable income to Rural
families) i.e SGSY, Fisheries development of fresh
water aquaculture, Dairy Development -Central
minikit testing programme on fodder crop
• Human Development ie adult literacy programme at
the worksites (National Literacy Mission), health
awareness by ASHA at worksites (National Rural
Health Mission)
Technical Convergence (Activities (X) which can be converged)
S.
No.
Programme
Need based Activity
1.
Water conservation/
Harvesting/
i)Ridge Area
ii)Check Dam
iii) Ponds
iv)Any other structure
for water conservation/
Harvesting
2.
3.
4.
Drought Proofing
i)
Afforestation
ii)Tree
iii)Horticulture
Irrigation canal
i)Minor Irrigation
ii)Micro Irrigation
Irrigation Facility to
SC/ST/BPL/IAY
NREGA
Watershed
Programme
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
RKVY
X
X
NHM
BRGF
X
X
X
PMGSY
Water
Resource
Scheme
NFSM
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
31
Technical Convergence (Activities (X) which can be converged)
5.
6.
Renovation to Water
Bodies
i) Desilting
ii) Repair
Land Development
X
X
X
X
i) Common Land
X
X
ii) Individual Land
X
X
X
X
X
of SC/ST/BPL/
IAY
7.
8.
i)Flood Control
X
X
ii)Protection work
X
X
iii)Drainage in water
Logged
X
Rural Connectivity
i)
Fair Weather
Road
X
X
X
X
X
32
Management Grid
S. No
Programme
Comple
Mentarity
Capacity building
1
NREGS
BRGF/
IWMP/
RKVY/
PMGSY/
HM/MI
No specific allocation
for training; use from
4%
of
total
expenditure
2
Watershed
Programmes
(IWMP)
NREGA/
BRGF/MI
5% of total cost
3
RKVY
NREGA/
BRGF/MI/
IWMP
4
NHM
NREGS/
MI
Implementing
Agency
Coordinating
Personnel
Tech Support Quality
personnel
control
Planning
(Bottom
up/Top down
GP
DC
No
specific
grant; use Out of
4% of total
expenditure,
GRS, Mate, JE
Internal/
External
BU
(PRI)
PIA&WC
DC
DWDU/PIA/W
DT/WUG
Internal/
External
BU
(PRI/WC)
Specific grant for
training and capacity
building
District
DC
Agriculture
Dept+ no extra
staff
Internal/
External
TD
(District)
Training programme
@ of Rs.1500/- per
farmer trained+ 31
lakhs each districts for
training
to
Supervisors
&
Entrepreneurs
District
DC
Dept
horticulture
+other
department
training
Internal/
External
TD
(District)
of
for
33
5
BRGF
NREGA/
IWMP/
RKVY/
PMGSY/
HM/MI
1% of total fund
GP/ULB
6
PRGSY
NREGA/
BRGF
The National Rural
Road
Development
Agency may, in cooperation with the
State level Agency,
organise
suitable
Training
District
7
Water
Schemes
8
National food security NREGA/
mission
BRGF/MI
Resource NHM/
NREGS/
IWMP
Financial assistance of
Rs.17,000/-per
training per FFS in the
identified districts
Training of extension
workers under NFSM
Pulses
with
an
assistance of Rs. 1.0
lakh per training of 50
trainees
DC
PRI dept but
no extra staff
Internal/
External
BU
(PRI)
TD
(District)
District
DC
Internal/
External
TD
(District)
District
DC
Internal/
External
TD
(District)
34
35