Complete sentences!
1.
Describe two examples of vestigial structures,
and explain why they are vestigial.
Some examples include: Human
appendix, tailbone, ear muscles,
whale pelvis bones, mole-rat eyes
You must answer in a complete sentence!
2. Write one or two sentences that relate the following
vocabulary terms: Adaptation, Fitness, Speciation,
Evolution. Please underline each vocabulary word used.
An adaptation will improve the fitness of an
organism. The resulting evolution of a
population with that adaptation may become
different enough from the original population,
therefore causing speciation.
You must answer in a complete sentence!
3.
Write one complete sentence comparing and one complete
sentence contrasting Homologous and Analagous
structures.
Homologous and analogous structures both
describe features that look similar between
two species. Homologous structures develop
because of inherited traits that were shared by
a common ancestor, while analagous
structures develop because of inherited traits
that evolved independently.
Answer the question!
4. What are the three types of Selection? Describe a
specific example for each.
Directional Selection—Thick-haired chipmunks survive better
in a cold environment, average thickness of hair increases
over time
Stabilizing Selection—Bats with average-length wings
succeed more since short wings provide less lift, but long
wings don’t fit well in a small cave when flying, wing length
stays the same over time
Disruptive Selection—Small and large root systems in
blackberry plants succeed more than medium size roots since
small roots can establish in sidewalk cracks, and large roots
can reach lower sources of water in the unpaved areas. Over
time two groups of plants with extreme features become more
common.
Answer the question!
5. What are the three types of Isolation? Give an example
for each (but different than those given in the book).
Behavioral Isolation—Insects with different
mating dances avoid reproducing with each other
Geographic Isolation—Groups of fish live in
different lakes and cannot reproduce with each
other
Temporal Isolation—Flocks of birds visit a
breeding ground at different times of year and
therefore cannot reproduce with each other
Write a Story!
6. Make up an example of natural selection at work.
Describe how it could take a population of a single species
and produce two different species.
Predation, Defense, or Sexual Selection
Write a Story!
7. Change your natural selection scenario so that it involves
artificial selection instead.
Artificial Selection would involve
non-natural interference with the
selection that happens
Make a list!
8. List two things that could help natural selection
occur more quickly and describe how they
would.
Could include: Overproduction, Variation,
Competition
Write a list
9.
List three topics that are used as evidence for the
evolutionary concept of common ancestry between
diverse species.
For instance: Transitional Fossils,
Locations of Present-Day Species, Geologic
Data, Anatomical Comparisons,
Embryology, Genetic Comparisons
NO NEED for complete sentences!
10. Copy the four sequences into your notebook. Which two
of the following DNA sequences must belong to the most
closely related species?
1.
2.
3.
4.
TA G G G A C C C
TA A G G A G T C
T TA G G A A G C
TA C G G A C C C
NO NEED for complete sentences!
10. Copy the four sequences into your notebook. Which two of the
following DNA sequences must belong to the most closely related
species?
1 . TA G G G A C C C
2 . TA A G G A G T C
3 . T TA G G A A G C
4 . TA C G G A C C C
*only one base differece
between #1 and 4
NO NEED for complete sentences!
11. Put the four species below into a cladograph based on
their hypothesized evolutionary relationships
1.
2.
3.
4.
TA G G G A C C C
TA A G G A G T C
T TA G G A A G C
TA C G G A C C C
NO NEED for complete sentences!
11. Put the four species below into a cladograph with their
hypothesized evolutionary relationships
3
2
4
1
*Species 1 and 4 only have one base different, but
Species 2 has three bases different from 1 and 4,
and Species 3 has four bases different
Answer the question!
12. What could have been the theoretical cause for
variation between the DNA segments in the four species
in the last two questions?
Mutations that occur over generations
after speciation events.