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Climate change, water and the EU
development cooperation: Key issues
DEVCO C2 – Climate Change, Environment, Natural
Resources and Water
“TODAY’s POVERTY IS YESTERDAY’s UNADRESSED VULNERABILITY”
The global context of international
negotiations: state of play
• Current work: building on Cancun agreements
2°C target confirmed
o Financial commitments: Fast Start Finance (30
billion USD 2010-2012 – EU share 7.2 billion) + Long
term finance: USD 100 billion/year by 2020
o Balanced agreement
• Mitigation
• Adaptation
• REDD+, technology, capacity building
• Finance
• Complex process: many issues at stake, parallel
negotiation streams (Convention/Kyoto Protocol)
• Durban: realistic expectations
Progress on some ‘building blocks’
o
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The global context of international
negotiations: adaptation and water
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Adaptation: several issues and work streams
•
Cancun Adaptation Framework: enhanced action on
adaptation
•
Nairobi Work Program: impacts, vulnerability and adaptation
to CC; technology transfer; research and observation (SBSTA)
•
Implementation: National Adaptation Programmes of Action
(NAPAs); support to adaptation through finance, technology
and capacity-building
Water:
• in Cancun (2010) and Bonn (2011): push to add water as a
new ‘agenda item’
• Final result: water added as additional topic under
Nairobi Work Program
How can we respond/contribute with
development cooperation? (1)
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• Getting early funding right – best use to be made of fast
start finance (ENRTP 2010 and 2011)
o Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA): adaptation
o EU-UNDP capacity building (for monitoring, reporting
and verification): mitigation
o Carbon market readiness Partnership
o Africa-EU Renewable Energy Cooperation Programme
o EU REDD+ Facility and Forest Carbon Partnership
Facility
• Linkages with ODA and aid effectiveness agenda 
strengthening ownership, improved coordination within EU
and with other partners, promoting CC integration, and
paving the way for scaled up CC action through capacity
building, dialogue and actions
How can we respond/contribute with
development cooperation? (2)
• Leveraging private sector finance  maximise existing
instruments and find new ones (Investment Facilities)
• Importance of climate change in the next programming
cycle
o Development strategies will have to interlink
national development and climate change
adaptation and mitigation
o Green growth based on renewable energy, energy
efficiency, the greening of the budget, sustainable
consumption and production will need to be part of
discussions
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The importance of climate change for the EuropeAid
water sector – What are the impacts?
• Water quantity
o Rainfall patterns, floods, droughts, sea level rise
o Population flows (indirect factor)
• Water quality
o Pollutants, disease vectors, salinity, turbidity due
to changing water flows, floods and temperature
• (Waste)water and sanitation infrastructures
o Extreme weather events
o Energy infrastructures (indirect factor)
The importance of climate change for
the water sector – How to adapt?
• Water supply: Increase efficiency in supply and use,
exploiting more or new sources (issue of sustainability)
• Water demand: managing and monitoring the demand
(e.g. population flows)
• Climate-proofing infrastructures: e.g. protecting from
contamination (floods) or damage due to extreme
weather events
• Water governance including user rights issues and
watershed management (e.g. transboundary)
• Integrating climate change in water policies and
programmes (from undertaking assessments to
coordinating, making and implementing policies,
budgeting and monitoring)
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The importance of climate change for
the water sector – Examples
BIOPHYSICAL EFFECTS
Rise in
temperatures
Decrease in
rainfall
More frequent
and severe
droughts
Rise in sea
level
Reduced flow
of rivers, more
evaporation
Changes in
vegetation &
ecosystems
Reduced
recharge rate
of aquifers
More salinity
intrusions in
coastal areas /
deltas
Reduced
availability of
water
Reduced
quality of
water
SOCIO-ECON. CSQ
Food insecurity
and
malnutrition
Increased
morbidity and
mortality
Loss of
livelihoods
Conflicts over
access to water
Human
migrations
Reduced
hydropower
generation
capacity
© Connors Bros
Climate change: Cause-effect-response linkages
Water supply – Illustrative example (*)
POSSIBLE ADAPTIVE RESPONSES
IN THE WATER SUPPLY SECTOR
Promote water
efficiency
measures
Develop water
harvesting
systems
Protect
groundwater
recharge areas
Enhance water
treatment
capacity
Develop water
distribution
infrastructure
Adopt metering
and charge
adequate price
for water to
promote
efficiency
Switch to less
water-intensive
crops
Exploit new
sources of
freshwater
Improve
sanitation to
reduce water
contamination
1
(*) Scenario: rise in t°, decrease in rainfall
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Tools and methodologies for integrating
environment and climate change in
development assistance
Environmental
profiles
Strategy papers
and indicative
programmes
Programming
Final
evaluations
Evaluation
Identification
Implementation
Climate related
indicators
Formulation
Monitoring
(Environment
and) Climate
screening
Fiches
Policy dialogue
Mid-term
reviews
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Climate risk
assessments (if
applicable)
Tools and methodologies to deal with
climate change in the water sector
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• Internal trainings
‘Greening EC
development
cooperation’ and climate
risk assessments
• Guidelines on the
integration of
environment and climate
change in development
cooperation
• « Sector Script » for
water supply and
sanitation
Instruments to deal with climate
change in the water sector
• Geographical programmes (national/regional)
o Climate change as a specific area of cooperation
o Climate change as a cross-cutting issue
• Thematic programmes
o Environment and sustainable management of
natural resources including energy (e.g. for regional
programmes)
o Global Climate Change Alliance (for LDCs and SIDS)
• Investment facilities
o Climate change ‘windows’
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Instruments - Global Climate Change
Alliance (GCCA) (1)
• To strengthen dialogue (pillar 1) and cooperation (pillar
2) on climate change between the European Union and
developing countries most vulnerable to climate
change, in particular LDCs and SIDS
• Promote a convergence of visions on a post-2012
climate change regime between the EU and the
targeted countries
• Promote approaches to integrate climate change into
development planning and budgeting
• Focus on adaptation in water and agriculture, REDD,
CDM, DRR, and integration of climate change in poverty
reduction efforts
• Budget support as preferred modality
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Instruments - Global Climate Change
Alliance (GCCA) (2)
Belize, Guyana,
Jamaica,
CARIFORUM with
CCCCC
Mozambique, Mali,
Tanzania, Senegal,
Rwanda, Ethiopie,
Gambia, Benin, Uganda,
Sierra Leone, DRC,
Seychelles, Mauritius,
COMESA,
ECOWAS/CILLS,
ClimDev Africa
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Bangladesh, Bhutan,
Cambodia, Laos,
Maldives, Nepal,
Mekong River
Solomon Islands,
Vanuatu, Samoa,
University of South
Pacific, South Pacific
Community
Mainstreaming
workshops
Water focus
Examples of water related interventions
- Belize
• Increased resilience in the water sector against
potential climate change impacts (Result 1)
o
Setting up a water management system to monitor
quality and quantity of natural water resources based on
national adaptation strategy to address climate change
in the sector
o
Replanting of trees, crops and mangroves at strategic
locations to prevent/limit soil erosion and coastal
degradation
o
Community based watershed management and flood
prevention activities
o
Measures to guarantee water supply (rain water
collection, wells, etc)
• Enhance the institutional capacity of the government
to deal with climate change (Result 2)
• Project approach (EUR 2.9 million) under the GCCA
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Examples of water related interventions
- Samoa
• Supporting Climate Change Adaptation of the Samoan
Water Sector
o An updated Water for Life Sector Plan with
effective integration of climate change adaptation
measures in all phases of the programme cycle
o Rehabilitation and unblocking of all drainage
infrastructure in the greater Apia area
o Reconstruction and upgrading of priority drainage
infrastructure for storm water flows based on
climate change projections in the flood prone
central business area of Apia
o Establishment of an effective Asset Management
system and the implementation of a maintenance
plan for drainage infrastructure under the LTA
• Sector budget support (EUR 3 million)
under the GCCA
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Examples of water related interventions
– Lower Mekong Basin
• Adressing ecosystem challenges through the support
to the Climate Change Adaptation Initiative of the
Mekong River Commission
o Focus on basin-wide level and transboundary
issues
o Adaptation planning and implementation is piloted
and demonstrated throughout the region
o Improved (regional) capacity to adapt to climate
change including in the use of tools
o Strategies and plans for adaptation in place,
integrated with development plans and monitored
o Regional cooperation, exchange and learning
implemented
o Project approach (EUR 5 million) under the GCCA
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Examples of water related interventions
– Uganda
• Adaptation to climate change in Uganda
o Focus on water, agriculture and climate change
o Better access of livestock to water through water
for production investments
o Resilience of agriculture production systems in the
cattle corridor improved
o Knowlegde and capacities of for climate change
adaptation strengthened (climate change unit)
o Project approach (EUR 11 million) under the GCCA
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Examples of water related interventions
- Egypt
• Improved Water and Wastewater Services Programme
(IWSP II)
• Neighbourhood Investment Facility
• Amount: EUR 10 million
• Amount attributed to climate change: EUR 4 million
• Leverage X30
• Total amount: EUR 300 million
• Total amount attributed to climate change: EUR 120
million
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Thank you for your attention
DEVCO C2 – Climate Change, Environment, Natural
Resources and Water
“TODAY’s POVERTY IS YESTERDAY’s UNADRESSED VULNERABILITY”