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Road To Independence 1 (77-95)
1Q.
Who decided to set up a university for Muslims? Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
2Q.
Where did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan go to gain ideas for setting up his university? England
3Q.
Which two universities did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan visit when he went to England?
Oxford & Cambridge
4Q.
What famous book did Sir Syed Ahmad finish while in England visiting universities?
A series of essays on the Life of Muhammad and Subjects Subsidiary Thereto.
5Q.
What progress of England did impress Sir Syed Ahmad the most when visiting England?
With the social, scientific, economic, and educational progress of England.
6Q.
What did Sir Syed Ahmad argue that Muslims should take from the British?
Muslims should take what was good from the British and use it for the benefit of their
own community.
7Q.
What was the name of the college that Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded in Aligarh?
Anglo-Oriental College
8Q.
Who laid the foundation stone of the college that Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded in
Aligarh, and when? In 1877, by Viceroy, Lord Lytton
9Q.
When did the name of the college that Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded change to Aligarh
University? Aligarh University
10Q.
What two departments did Aligarh University have?
One teaching in English and the other teaching in Urdu
11Q.
What did Aligarh University become the center of? Aligarh Movement
12Q.
What kind of environment did Aligarh University provide Muslim students?
It offered an environment in which they could study within an Islamic setting
13Q.
What did Muslim Students develop a strong sense of at Aligarh University?
A strong sense of Muslim Brotherhood
14Q.
Name two future Pakistani leaders who studied at Aligarh University?
Liaquat Ali Khan & Ayub Khan
15Q.
Why were some Islamic leaders against the Aligarh University, and what was Sir Syed
Ahmad Khan’s answer to those who opposed?
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They believed that Western education would weaken Islam, but Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
argued that the study of modern science would help students see the greatness of Allah
16Q.
How did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan see Muslims and Hindus in the beginning, and what
reference did he give?
He saw them living together as one nation as he referred to them as the two eyes of a
bride.
17Q.
Why did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan discourage Muslims to join Congress?
He believed that the British would blame any violence caused by Congress on Muslims,
as had happened in the 1857 revolt
18Q.
What society was founded by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, and what was the purpose of it?
Scientific Society which translated scientific writings into Urdu so that more people
could read them.
19Q.
What platform did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan provide for well-known Muslims to gather
together? Mohamadan Educational Conference
20Q.
How many Muslims were attracted to attend the first meeting of Congress?
Two
21Q.
Why did the number of Muslims attending Congress meetings remain small over the
years?
As Hindus began to organize themselves into a political group, Muslims became uneasy
22Q.
Which group, and their interests did Congress often appear to support? Hindus
23Q.
When did Urdu language seem threatened, and why?
In 1867, when Hindus called for the government to make Hindi the official Language
24Q.
Who encouraged Sir Syed Ahmad Khan on setting up the Aligarh College?
Viceroy, Lord Mayo
25Q.
Who set up Chiefs’ Colleges? Viceroy, Lord Mayo
26Q.
In which cities were Chiefs’ Colleges set up? Ajmer, Rajkot & Lahore
27Q.
Who were educated at the Chiefs’ Colleges? Sons of Indian princes and rulers
28Q.
Who killed Lord Mayo? Shere Ali
29Q.
How did Lord Mayo die according to someone who accompanied Lord Mayo?
Stabbed twice between the shoulders
30Q.
Where did Lord Mayo die?
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Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal. Islands were used to keep prisoners
31Q.
Which year did the British rule become increasingly high-handed in India? 1890
32Q.
Who were ‘Extremists’?
Nationalistic group with in Congress when in 1890s British rule was becoming
increasingly high-handed
33Q.
Who led the group ‘Extremists’?
Bal Gangadhar Tilak together with Bipan Chandrapal and Lala Lajpat Rai
34Q.
What was the demand of the ‘Extremists’? End to colonial rule
35Q.
What did Bal Gangadhar Tilak encourage the Hindus to look upon?
Pre-British Hindu and Maratha history for inspiration in achieving a new India.
36Q.
What was the Muslims’ reaction to the ideas of Hindu nationalism as it grew stronger?
Muslims grew more nervous
37Q.
What was the reaction of British to the nationalist feeling of the Indians?
They underestimated its power
38Q.
Was Lord Curzon in favor of Congress? No, he was opposed to Congress
39Q.
Who made the decision of splitting Bengal into two? Lord Curzon
40Q.
What were the names of the two Bengal states? East Bengal & West Bengal
41Q.
Why did the partition of Bengal take place?
According to Lord Curzon Bengal was too big to administer properly so it was split in
1905 into two states
42Q.
What was the population of Hindus and Muslims in the split Bengal states?
East Bengal: 12 million Hindus & 18 million Muslims
West Bengal: 42 million Hindus & 12 million Muslims
43Q.
What was the reaction of Muslims towards the split of Bengal?
Muslims were pleased with the partition as East Bengal would be a Muslim majority area
44Q.
What was the reaction of Hindus towards the split of Bengal?
Hindus became very angry as they saw the partition as a way of reducing their power
45Q.
What did Bal Gangadhar Tilak call for at the split of Bengal?
He called for Bengal to be reunited
46Q.
Did Bal Gangadhar Tilak’s boycott with the British hurt British trade?
Yes, British trade was damaged
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47Q.
What other proposal did Bal Gangadhar Tilak make?
Passive Resistance. People should stop cooperating with the British
48Q.
What annoyed the British about Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and what did the British do to him?
Tilak’s speech to Congress in 1907. He was deported to Burma now known as Myanmar
49Q.
How long did Bal Gangadhar Tilak stay in prison? Six years
50Q.
Who attempted an assignation plan on Viceroy, Lord Minto?
Group of young revolutionaries influenced by Tilak
51Q.
What action did the British take against the terrorists who attempted an assignation plan
on Viceroy, Lord Minto?
Firm action. The captured terrorists were executed or imprisoned in the Andaman Islands
52Q.
What party came in to power in British government in 1905, and what was its policy in
regards to India?
Liberal Party. Its policy was to increase democracy in India through elections
53Q.
In which year did ‘Simla Deputation’ take place? October 1906
54Q.
Who headed the group of Muslim leaders that travelled to Simla to see Viceroy, Lord
Minto?
Aga Khan (Sultan Sir Muhammad Shah). He was the imam of the Nizari Ismailite sect
55Q.
Why did the group of Muslim leaders that travelled to Simla to see Viceroy, Lord Minto?
To consider the important position of Muslims in Indian society, and hiher % of Muslims
in the army. They asked him to give Muslims more power by making sure they had their
own representatives in elections. They also asked that official councils should contain a
higher percentage of Muslims than their % of the population.
56Q.
What was this event called where the group of Muslim leaders travelled to Simla to see
Viceroy, Lord Minto? Simla Deputation
57Q.
How did Viceroy, Lord Minto respond to the group of Muslim leaders, & their demands?
He agreed to their requests
58Q.
Was ‘Simla Deputation’ a success? Yes
59Q.
How did ‘Simla Deputation’ change the relationship between the Muslims and the
British? Greatly improved the relationship between Muslims and British
60Q.
What was the name of the Muslim political organization that was founded in 1906?
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All-India Muslim League
61Q.
Where did the first meeting of ‘All-India Muslim League’ take place? Dacca
62Q.
What were the aims of ‘All-India Muslim League’ that were stated at the first meeting?

To encourage Muslims to be loyal to the British Government

To protect the political interests of Muslims

To improve understanding between Muslims and other communities
63Q.
Who was the first President of ‘All-India Muslim League’?
64Q.
Aga Khan from 1908 till 1913
65Q.
What was the name changed to of ‘All-India Muslim League’ later on?
Muslim League
66Q.
How did the British see the ‘All-India Muslim League’ in the beginning?
As loyal to the British and encouraged them
67Q.
What program did Lord Morley, Secretary of State for India, and Viceroy, Lord Minto
decide upon? Program of Reforms
68Q.
What 2 events took place that destroyed Muslim hopes raised by the Simla Deputation?

In 1911, on his visit to India, King George V announced the reuniting of Bengal

In 1912, the ‘Balkan Wars’ began in the Eastern Europe, and the British fought
against Muslim Turkey
69Q.
When did World War I begin, and with what declaration?
In July 1914, in Europe. With the declaration of war by Austria-Hungry on Serbia. The
war changed from local war to larger European struggle when Germany declared war on
Russia. Eventually the war spread to involve 32 countries around the world
70Q.
Name the two sides in World War I. Central Powers & Allies
71Q.
Which countries made up the ‘Central Powers’, and ‘Allies’?
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria & Turkey
Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Japan, & United states from 1917
72Q.
What 4 great imperial dynasties fell after WWI?
Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire
73Q.
What was the initial dispute between Austria-Hungary and Serbia?
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand who was heir to the Austrian thrown by a
Serbian nationalist
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74Q.
What were the three main causes of World War I?
Nationalism, Economic Rivalry & Military Expansion
75Q.
Write a sentence about each of the three causes of World War I.
Nationalism: The French Revolution & conquests of Napoleon spread the ideas of
nationalism and democracy in the 19th and early 20th century
Economic Rivalry: Industrial Revolution had caused rivalry among European countries
Military Expansion: Rivalry & tension between European countries led to increased
military forces to prepare for a possible war
76Q.
Who invented the tank, and when was it used in World War I?
Tank was invented by the British, and 49 were used in France in 1916
77Q.
How many Indian men joined the British Army in World War I? 1.3 million Indian Men
78Q.
Did Italy join the Central Powers or the Allies in World War I? Allies
79Q.
Which Indian City did the German ship, the Emden, attack? Madras Harbor
80Q.
Which side won the World War I? Allies
81Q.
Which year did World War I end, and how long did it last for? November, 1918. 4 years
82Q.
Why was this War so deadly? Give details with examples.
New methods, machinery, and technology became available, for example

Machine guns with a wider range were used

Modern Guns were used. Trench warfare was developed in which men stayed in
trenches to avoid enemy bullets

Poisonous chlorine gas which seemed like a greenish-yellow cloud was released at
Allies in France by Germans. Germans also developed a new type of gas, phosgene,
which was colorless and far more deadly than chlorine

New weapon, the tank was invented by the British and used in France. Tanks could
pass through machine gun fire, barbed wire, mud, and trenches

Radios, and telephones came into use

Airplanes were used to bomb cities

Submarines were used to destroy enemy ships at seas
83Q.
What was the First World War called? War to end all wars
84Q.
When did the Second World War break out? Twenty years after WWI in 193
85Q.
What is meant by the term ‘Communism’? Explain
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A system of society in which property is owned by state rather than individual citizens
86Q.
Who had written the Communist Manifesto?
Two German revolutionaries, Marx (1818-1883) & Engels (1820-1895)
87Q.
Who were rulers of Russia since the 17th century, and who were they related to?
It was ruled by the rich Romanov family. At the start of WWI, the king or Tsar was
Nicholas who was closely related to the royal families of Europe. Both Tsar and his wife
were grandchildren of Queen Victoria and first cousins of the British King George V
88Q.
What was the name of the Communist group in Russia?
Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir llich Lenin (1870-1924)
89Q.
What was Russia called after the over thrown of the Romanov family?
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union
90Q.
Who was Joseph Stalin?
From 1922, a strong leader rose to power named Jospeh Stalin who from 1924 ruled the
Soviet union as a dictator until his death in 1953
91Q.
Which countries did USSR take over in WWII and had Communist governments?
Countries in Eastern Europe & several others including Bulgaria, East Germany &
Poland
92Q.
What other countries in the other part of the world also became Communist?
China, Cuba, Norht Korea, Angola, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Mzambique
93Q.
When did communism end in USSR? In 1991
94Q.
Who was the chairman of Communist party and leader of China as it established itself as
a Communist country?
On October 1, 1949 the People’s Republic of China was established as a Communist
country with Mao Tse-Tung as its leader until 1976
95Q.
Did the ‘Great Leap Forward’ really help China’s development? Give your reasons.
It helped China a little. Mao wanted to build industries but China was still an agricultural
country. Many peasants were sent to work in the industries which hurt the agricultural
industry a lot. Many people died of starvation, and food production was not enough to
meet the needs of the people of China.
96Q.
What was ‘Cultural Revolution’ of China?
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In 1966 Mao stated that enemies of Communism must be got rid of. The result was
Cultural Revolution which caused chaos and further serious economic problems across
the country for ten years. During this time China was cut off from the outside world; few
Chinese went abroad, and few foreigners were allowed
97Q.
Who were ‘Red Guards’?
In 1966 school children and students formed into groups to become red guards. They
wore special uniform and red armband. Many were sentto work for the cultural
revolution around China
98Q.
What was the ‘Little Red Book’? A book of quotations and Mao’s sayings
99Q.
Who was Mohammad Ali Jinnah, and what is he known as?
Founder of Pakistan. Son of a prosperous merchant. Quaid-e-Azam
100Q.
Where did Jinnah receive his early and later education from?
Sindh Madrassah High School, the Christian Mission High School in Karachi. He later
went to England to receive higher education
101Q.
Why Jinnah was called the ‘Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity’?
He worked very hard to get Hindus and Muslims to work together
102Q.
When did Jinnah join Muslim league, and which party did he belong to before?
1913. Joined Congress in 1906
103Q.
In which year did Jinnah become president of the Muslim League for the first time?
1916
104Q.
What was the result of Montagu declaration?
In 1919, the Government of India Act came into force which gave Indians wider role in
government
105Q.
What roles were the Indians given in the government after the Government of India Act
came into force?
They had a greater political voice. Voting rights to some, more seats than the British in
setting up law-making councils, and government areas of health, education & agriculture
106Q.
What important areas were controlled by the British even after the Government of India
Act? Areas of Taxation, the Police & the Law Courts
107Q.
Were Congress and Muslim League happy with the Government of India Act?
They were disappointed with the new Act
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108Q.
What new disaster struck during the First World War?
Serious epidemic of flu named Influenza which brought death within two days
109Q.
Where is the epidemic thought to have begun from? United States of America
110Q.
Complete the table by writing 2 to 3 words which describe the following
List
Words
Jinnah as a lawyer
Jinnah’s face
Jinnah’s clothes
Things that made Jinnah angry
111Q.
Fill in the blanks.
1.
Lord
reformed the
system in addition to setting up
Colleges.
2.
A strongly nationalistic group known as the
became powerful
within Congress.
3.
Lord
was the Viceroy from year
to year
4.
Mao and his followers saw that China had been held back by the
5.
China was mainly still an
6.
An important part of the Cultural Revolution was to get rid of old
country.
, and
7.
was the only Muslim and the
system.
barrister in India.
,