Part 3
Fixing our cities’ problems
3.3 What has been done to
solve the urban problems
in Hong Kong?
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What has been done to solve the urban problems?
Lower population
growth
Develop more land
Build more roads
and improve public
transport
Conserve the
environment
Build more houses
Better urban planning
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Lower population growth
The birth rate in Hong Kong is (increasing/decreasing).
The government encourage people to carry out birth
Control. People like small families nowadays.
The death rate in Hong Kong is low.
Describe the change
in birth rates in Hong
Kong.
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Lower population growth
Death rates:
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2003
--
--
5.0
5.1
4.8
5.0
4.6
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.4
Migrants: 150 immigrants from mainland China daily
Population growth (1991-2001): 6 708 389 – 5 674 114 = 1 034 275
Average annual population growth rate: 1.6%
The average annual population growth rate is (high/low).
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Develop more land
Reclamation
Increases
the size of
Hong Kong
Narrows the
Victoria
Harbour
Reclaimed
coastline:
Straight
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Develop more land
Reclamation
Reclamation increases land for
urban development e.g.
building new towns.
Most of the land in West
Kowloon is obtained
from reclamation.
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Build more houses
The government has built many public housing estates to
help low-income people improve their living conditions.
The government also rebuilds some old public housing
estates. The new estates provide more living spaces and better
facilities.
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Build more houses
The Housing Authority since 1973
First public housing estate: Shek Kip Mei
Types of public housing: Rental housing;
Subsidized sales flats
(Home ownership scheme;
Private Sector Participation
Scheme)
49.5 % of people live in public housing by 2005
______
Facilities in public housing estates:
Market, shopping centres, restaurants, playgrounds, games
halls, car parks, etc.
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Better urban planning
planning
Careful urban _____________
is a way to help solve urban
problems.
With good urban planning, the government can use the
_____________
land
more wisely.
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Better urban planning
Redevelop the old urban areas by the Urban Renewal Authority
4R strategy:
Redevelopment _____________
_______________,
Rehabilitation
Revitalization
_______________,
Preservation
_____________
Redevelopment:
Old buildings are pulled down.
Land uses are replanned.
New buildings are put in place.
Streets are widened and
more open spaces are provided.
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Better urban planning
Redevelop the old urban areas
Before and after redevelopment: (Fig. 3a-3c on p.61)
Before urban
renewal
After urban
renewal
Lower
Higher
Old, decayed, ugly
New, modern
Open space
Less
More
Land use zones
Mixed
Planned
Living environment
Poorer
Better
Height of building
Look of building
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Better urban planning
New towns
Population has been (decreasing/increasing) on Hong
Kong Island and Kowloon. However, the population of
the new towns has been (decreasing/increasing).
Describe the change
of population in
different parts of
Hong Kong.
1981
2001
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Better urban planning
New towns
47.1 % of Hong Kong people live in new towns.
By 2003, ____
nine new towns in Hong Kong.
At present, there are _______
Tung Chung
The most recent new town is ______________.
Tung Chung new town
Tseung Kwan O new town
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Develop more land
New towns
Land uses: (e.g. Shatin on p.91)
Commercial, residential,
residential industrial,
institutional, green belt
Why is land use conflict not found in new towns?
There is land use planning. Shops are provided near to
the residential areas. There are plenty of open spaces
and recreational land use among the other uses.
Factories are grouped into certain areas. These industrial
areas are separated from other land uses.
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Build more roads and improve public transport
KCR Corporation
MTR Corporation
KCR corporation
MTR Corporation
KCR
Corporation
___
9 strategic/trunk routes; ____
12 tunnels
Yuen Long to Central: Route No. 3
Tung Chung to Central: Routes No. 3 and 8
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Build more roads and improve public transport
Which new towns do the KCR rails link up?
Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai, Tuen Mun, Tsuen Wan
West rail: _____________________________________________
Shatin, Taipo, Sheungshui/Fanling
East rail: ______________________________________________
On Shan, Shatin
Ma On Shan rail: Ma
_______________________________________
The improved road network and mass transit systems gives
new _______
towns
a better link between the _____
and the urban
areas.
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Conserve the environment
Environmental Protection
The government has set up the ___________________________
Department to promote environmental protection.
What has the SAR
government done
to conserve the
environment?
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Air Pollution
Laws and regulation
 Set and tighten limits to emission of waste gas from vehicles, power
plants, factories, etc.
 Smoke test for vehicles and penalty set for smoky vehicles
 Require Euro diesel vehicles to install particulate reduction devices
 Ban the use of dirty fuels in power plants
Improvement work
 Encourage the switch to alternative cleaner fuel, e.g. LPG taxis and
light buses
 Assist the diesel vehicles to install particulate traps/catalytic
converters
Educate the public
o
o
o
o
Promote eco-driving, e.g. switching off engine while waiting
Encourage drivers to repair and maintain their vehicles
Encourage the public to use public transport
Promote energy saving
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Water pollution
Laws and regulation
 Set emission standards of waste sewage from
factories
Improvement work
 Build sewers network
 Carry out sewage treatment, e.g. the Stonecutters
Sewage Treatment Works
Educating the public
o Launch the scheme sewage charges to teach the
public the “Polluters Pay Principle”
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Land Pollution/Solid Waste
Laws and regulation
 Set a licensing scheme for the disposal of waste
 Control on the disposal of chemical waste, clinical waste, construction
waste, etc.
 Prohibition or control of livestock keeping in the urban areas
 Penalty for offenses like littering, splitting, dog fouling, unauthorized
display of posters
Improvement work
 Build landfills to dispose solid waste
 Provide chemical waste treatment in Tsing Yi
 Set up the Eco Park in Tuen Mun (planned)
Educate the public
o Promote waste reduction: waste separation; waste recovery; waste
recycling
o Set the scheme of waste disposal charges: the “Polluters Pay Principle”
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Noise Pollution
Laws and regulation
 Set noise standards for factories and commercial operators
 Limit piling in construction sites to 3 to 5 hours a day
 Ban vehicles going into certain streets at night
Improvement work
 Install noise barriers/screens along new roads and some old
roads
 Build low-noise surface to new roads
 Improve land use planning by reducing population exposed to
traffic noise, e.g. set a distance between buildings and main
roads
 Set up pedestrian scheme
Educate the public
o Reduce noise
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