Unit 4: Chapter 7
Memory
Warm Up 03/14
● Do
you remember what you had for
breakfast?
● Do you remember what you had for
breakfast 2 weeks ago?
● Explain why these two answers might
differ.
FIRE AND ICE
Robert Frost
Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say ice.
From what I’ve tasted of desire,
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.
Acquainted with the Night - Robert Frost
I have been one acquainted with
the night.
But not to call me back or say goodbye;
I have walked out in rain -- and
back in rain.
And further still at an unearthly
height,
I have outwalked the furthest city
light.
A luminary clock against the sky
I have looked down the saddest city
lane.
I have passed by the watchman on
his beat
And dropped my eyes, unwilling to
explain.
I have stood still and stopped the
sound of feet
When far away an interrupted cry
Came over houses from another
street,
Proclaimed the time was neither
wrong nor right.
I have been one acquainted with
the night.
Three Kinds of Memory
– indication that learning has
persisted over time
● Three kinds of Memory
● Memory
◦ Episodic
◦ Semantic
◦ Implicit
Three Kinds of Memory
● Episodic
◦
Memory of events
◦ Flashbulb memory – vivid memories
where you generally remember
exactly what happened like a photo
⚫The day JFK was shot
⚫September 11, 2001
Three Kinds of Memory
● Semantic
◦
Information that does not have a
specific time stamp
⚫The alphabet
⚫George Washington
◦
Explicit Memory – specific
information
Three Kinds of Memory
● Implicit
◦
Skills or procedures
⚫Riding a bicycle
⚫Driving
◦
Not likely to be forgotten
Processing your memories
●3
processes of memory
◦ Encoding
◦ Storage
◦ Retrieval
Encoding
● Putting
information into form easily
stored
● Visual – mental pictures
● Acoustic – stores info as sequence of
sounds
● Semantic – trying to make sense of
the info
◦ Meaningful codes
Storage
● Maintenance
of encoded info over
time
● Maintenance rehearsal – repeating
info many times to keep from
forgetting
● Elaborative rehearsal – relating new
info to things you already know
● Organizational systems – meaningful
grouping of info
◦ Can have errors
Retrieval
● Recalling
stored info
● Context-dependent memory - situation
reminds you
● State-dependent memory – mood the
memory was encoded in was
recreated
Chapter 7 Vocab
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
memory
episodic memory
flashbulb memory
semantic memory
explicit memory
implicit memory
encoding
storage
maintenance &
elaborative rehearsal
● schemas
● recognition
● state- and contextdependent memories
● sensory memory
● iconic memory
● eidetic memory
● echoic memory
● primacy & recency
effect
● chunking
● interference
● long-term memory
● relearning
● decay
Memory Mural/Collage
●
●
Either draw or cut out from magazines
things that represent some of your
most powerful memories.
They can be happy or less than
◦
◦
you are not presenting these, but you do
have to explain what you included on
the back of the mural/collage
label as episodic, implicit, semantic
Warm Up 03/17
● Describe
an episodic memory you
have.
● Would this be considered a flashbulb
memory?
Read/Collage
Warm - Up Review 03/18
1.
2.
3.
How can we determine cause-andeffect relationships? (correlations,
surveys, etc.)
Which psychological perspectives
deals primarily with groups of people?
(ethnic groups)
What type of psychologists studies
how people change over their
lifetimes?
Activity
●
●
Watch TED Memory
Answer the following questions:
a.
b.
c.
What is a memory Palace?
How is it used to improve memory?
How could you use this technique in
your life?
Stages of Memory
●3
stages of Memory
◦ Sensory
◦ Short-term
◦ Long-term
Sensory Memory
● Initial
recording of info
◦ Based the senses and decays quickly
memory – extremely short
snapshots of events
● Eidetic imagery - longer iconic
memory
● Echoic memory – sounds last longer
in the sensory memory
● Iconic
Short-term Memory
● Working memory
◦ Longer than sensory memory
◦ Still fades within minutes
● Primacy Effect – remembering the first
items of a list better
● Recency Effect – being able to better
remember the last few items of a list
● Chunking – long lists of data into smaller
units
● Interference – new info takes the place of
what is already there
Long-term Memory
● Stored
for long periods of time
● Less likely to decay
● Schemas – organization of information
into knowledge
Are you forgetting something?
●
●Amnesia
◦ infantile, anterograde, and retrograde
● Improving
Memory
◦ make it meaningful to you!
◦ mnemonic device - ex. Please Excuse My
Dear Aunt Sally
– fabricated memories
that you believe are real memories
● Confabulation
Let me Tell you a story
● Once
upon a time…
Thinking….
●
Multiple intelligences
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Verbal/linguistic
visual/spatial
musical
logical/mathematical
interpersonal
naturalistic
body/kinesthetic
intrapersonal
Please Keep in Mind...
●
●
●
●
You may also take this time to pick
groups.
We will be creating a children’s book
for the next project.
This will be based on language
development.
Please determine the following:
◦
◦
Age group
aspect of language you will be
informing...look in the book
Warm up
1. What is a memory of an event?
2. What is a memory of a skill?
3. What is a memory of information?
Notebook Check
1. Warm ups
2. memory vocab
3. Quizzes from operant conditioning
(don’t worry about actual grade just
make sure it is there)