LANGUAGE AND
COMMUNICATION
Language, Thought, and Reality
Linguistics - The Science of Language
Language - - System
“A system of communication using
Language
of arbitrary vocal symbols by
sounds or gestures that are put together in
means of which human beings interact in terms of
meaningful ways according to a set of rules “
their culture.
(Haviland 2003:386).
The 3 S’s of language: Sound, Shape, Sense.
Signal - representation with obvious meaning
Sound
- phonology,
phonetics,
(phoneme)
Sign
- representation
with
suggestedphonemics
meaning
Symbol - representation with arbitrary meaning
Shape - morphology (morpheme), grammar, syntax
Language, Thought, and
Reality
Sense - All languages are equal in that they serve
the purposes of the people who use them.
(Nuer have over 400 terms to describe cattle….We have
many to refer to war.)
Ethnolinguistics
Linguistic relativity
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Extralinguistic systems
Chronemics
Olfactics
Haptics
Kinesics
Oculesics
In
many
other
time
iscommodity
Time
The
instudy
US
isofacultures,
meanings,
sequence….a
usage
experienced
polychronically
to and
be spent,
used,
wasted….
communication
of time.
rather than sequentially.
Concerned with systems of smell
Communication through the skin….i.e.
Touching by Ashley Montague
Bodily movement, facial expression, etc.
Ray Birdwhistell is
pioneer….Choreometrics is a subset….
Communication involving the eyes
Metalanguage/Vocalics
Proxemics
Includes paralanguage…
It’s not what you say, it’s
the way you say it.
Communication by use of space….
Edward T. Hall’s work, for example
Proxemics
Intimate - 0 - 1.5 ft.
Personal - 1.5 ft. - 3 ft.
Social - represents social distance
Public - similar to collective behavior