NFI Presentation - Part II
Impact of Technology on the
Built Environment & the Design
Process
Vocabulary
Same language?
IT Department
Architects and Facility Managers
Vocabulary
Information Technology
Architects
 Assessment
 Programming/Schematic Design
 Requirements definition
 Design Development
 Bid documents
 Construction Documents
 Bid evaluation
 Acquisition Process
 Contract signing
 Contracting Process
 Implementation
 Construction Administration
 VALUE ENGINEERING
 FIELD ENGINEERING
Apply Construction Methodologies
to Technology Implementations
Contract Documents (drawings & specifications)
Competitive bid process
Performance Bonds
Contracts should include
 Schedule milestones
 Payment milestones
 Retainage and/or Liquidated Damages terms
Construction Administration
 Contractor payment review and approval
 Inspections (how many?)
Handout – Responsibility Matrix
Who’s Involved?
Owner (district)
 Facilities (Buildings & Grounds)
 Finance
 School Leaders (Supt., Principals)
 YOU!
Architects
CM (Construction Manager)
MEP (Mechanical Electrical Planner)
GC (General Contractor)
Subcontractors (lots!)
Technology Systems
Cabling Infrastructure
Data Center/equipment rooms
Network (LAN, WAN, wireless)
Voice and voicemail
Multimedia
Public address, bell and clock
Security systems
Lessons Learned: Coordinate – EARLY
Ensure electrical power of the right types in
the right places and right amounts
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One phase vs. three phase power
110/120 and 208 Volt
Receptacle types
Ceiling mounted systems – where to put outlets
Proper grounding is essential
More Coordination Issues
Ambient noise/sound level in classrooms
Glare from windows/natural lighting
Light fixture locations and switching in
classrooms
Location & routing of conduits from outside
Cable support systems
Cable pathways from MER to TRs
Technology Infrastructure
Data Centers
Terms
 Data Center/ Server Room
 NOC
 MER
 EIA/TIA 942
 HVAC
 UPS
What’s in a Data Center?
Servers
Legacy mini-computers
SAN and NAS equipment
Backup systems: tape and disk-to-disk
Network switches, routers, etc.
Phone system (switch and/or servers)
Video equipment/encoders
Audio/paging system
Security control system/servers
Data Center - Design Issues
Location
Size
Cooling
Electrical and UPS
Fire protection
Security
Disaster recovery
Data Centers - Physical Setup
A minimum of 280 sq. ft. (~ 17’ x 17’)
Minimum ceiling height 8.5 clear (below lights)
Measure physical sizes of all items - height in rack
units (1 RU = 1.75 inches)
Account for floor space for HVAC equipment, power
distribution, and UPS systems
High voltage electrical panels and transformers must
be at least 36” from racks & equipment
Raised flooring ?
Data Centers - Environmental
Non-water based fire suppression
preferred; second choice: “pre-action”
Lots of options for cooling, just be sure
there is enough
For a greener data center, place cooling
close to the sources of heat – duct directly
to racks or within cabinets
Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery
Generator w/48 hours fuel at main Data Center
UPS – test monthly; choose SNMP manageable
Redundant cooling
Alternate/backup data center site
 Hot site – redundantly equipped and running
 Warm site – equipped with mission critical systems
(only) and ready to start up
 Cold site – space and connections only, no equipment
Data Center DON’TS
Cabling
Standards continue to change – you must
decide when/if to move to next versions
 Category 6 (copper)
 Multimode fiber – 50 micron
Plenum rated?
Fiber backbone – quantity of strands?
Exterior fiber – WDM capable
Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
Enhances wireless coverage to ensure Fire &
Police handheld radios work well
Some cities require in new public buildings
Can combine with Wi-Fi system – but must
design in from the beginning
Can design for “spot” coverage
 Stairwells
 Lower levels
 Inside rooms
Networking
LAN and MAN Developments
10 Gigabit Ethernet use increasing
100 Gigabit Ethernet is in development - IEEE
802.3ba Task Force Pre-Standard
Disk-to-disk backup gaining over tape
Storage costs continue to fall – Terabyte storage
now commonplace
SAN vs. NAS – what do you use?
Wireless LAN – 802.11n
Final standard expected 2009
Many manufacturers have Draft 2 devices on
the market
Multiple radios in most APs
Throughputs of ~250 Mbps per access point
(download)
802.11n Power Issues
Some 802.11n APs need more power than
802.3af (Power over Ethernet) standard can
provide (standard is 12.95 watts over full 100
meters). Workarounds for now:
 Local power
 Use separate power injector instead of 802.3af
 Use 2 cables from each AP to switch
 Reduced range (Trapeze)
 Turn off one radio or run 802.11g on second radio
Power over Ethernet
New: PoE Plus
IEEE is working on a higher power PoE
standard – 802.3at, due 2009 (draft 2 done)
30-56 watts
Backwards compatible with 803.af
Pre-standard power injectors available now
Needed to power WiMAX transmitters, pantilt-zoom cameras, videophones
Wireless LAN Security
Most new wireless APs include WPA2 – Check!
WPA2 client built into MS XP service pack 2 and
up
WPA2 maintains authentication when roaming
Two versions of WPA2: Personal and Enterprise
 Personal protects unauthorized network access by utilizing
a set-up password
 Enterprise verifies network users through a server
WLAN Support for Voice
802.11e – be sure you choose
Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)
certified APs
Cell phone makers supporting
both cell and Wi-Fi in
handsets (e.g., iPhone)
Physical Security Systems
Moving to all IP and network based
 Door access and ID cards
 Cameras
 Motion detection
Who owns this now? District Facilities or IT?
 Initial cost
 Ongoing maintenance and upgrades
 Ongoing costs
Physical Security
ID cards can be “smart”– multipurpose
 Door access
 Use for lunches and other payments
 Integrate to Directory Services
Visitor screening – automated systems can
do checks based on photo IDs
Allow Police to view camera feeds
 Via web
 From vehicles on school property
Security Cameras
IP cameras – be choosy!
 Backlight
 Night vision
 Pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) with or tied to
motion detection
 PoE
Coordination very important
 Locations – esp. exterior such as
parking lots
 Conduit for cabling and power
 Backboxes - esp. on brick/stone
Video Distribution & Broadcast
What are your requirements for video?
 Carry cable TV channels? If yes, which and how many?
 Create own video broadcasts? If yes: who, when, from
where, and to where?
 Production studio(s)?
“Headends” are now also IP-based
 Centralized or at each building?
 Digital CATV is more work to integrate
No coaxial cabling needed
Public Address, Bells & Clocks
Talk back (from classroom) – hands-free or
handset?
Interconnection to phone system
Zones
Speaker types/features
Clocks digital or analog (elementary schools
different?)
Questions and Discussion
Thank You!