Chapters
1&6
Intro to Graphics
Communication
&
Technical
Drawing Tools
Scales
A drawing acts as the reflection of the visual mind, on its surface we can probe,
test, and develop the workings of our peculiar vision
Edward Hill
What is Graphics Communication?
• Effective means of communicating technical
ideas and problem solutions
• 92% of design process is graphically based
• 8% divided btw math, written, and verbal
communication
• 80% of our communication is verbal
Mechanical Engineers/ Civil Engineers/ Manufacturing
Engineers/ Designers/ Drafters
Creative people who use technical means to solve problems
– Design
•
•
•
•
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Products
Systems
Devices
Structures
Concerned with practical aspects
Planning and production
Communicate by graphic sketching
Analyze solutions by specifying production procedures
Create technical drawings used to document the design
Create 3D models for initial design development
Produce final product of working 2D drawings
Concurrent engineering leader
• Develop product over time using 3D software
Designers…
• Think about the many features of an object that cannot be
communicated with verbal description
• Take visual image in mind of engineer and create on paper or
virtually on the screen using a solid modeling software.
History of graphics communication
Perspective Drawing 1568
1500 AD
PDM- Product data Management 3D Modeling Mid 1980’s
PLM- Product Lifecycle Management
http://www.3ds.com/index.php?id=5831
Perspective using glass screen
Paper Folding Instructions
Need one sheet of paper
Rules:
•Do not look at others folding work.
•Person giving instructions can only repeat once and cannot explain
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Fold paper in half
Fold both outer corners into the center
Fold paper in half again
Rip 6 slits on the longest edge
Rip a tip off of the left corner
Rip two triangles out of the slanted
edge
7. Unfold the paper
Paper Folding Activity
Were the instructions confusing?
What would have made the
instructions more clear?
How does this relate to the need for
an effective means of
communication in design?
www.yourbabycan.com
4 Areas of Communication
•
•
•
•
Spoken Language
Writing using symbols
Mathematics (Abstract symbol based)
Graphics
What do these Mean?
*
/
%
+
=
#
What is Technical Graphics then?
Real and complete language used in design process for:
1. Visualization
2. Communication
3. Documentation
Drawings- Graphical representation of objects
•Freehand sketch
•Mechanical sketch-using tools (rulers, etc.)
•Computer methods - CAD or other programs.
Visual Science- Study of the processes that produce images in the
mind
Geometry- foundation for technical graphics such as grammar is for
language
Shapes are the building block for technical graphics
Plane Geometry
Solid Geometry
Descriptive Geometry - analysis of space distances and relationships
using graphics
Analytic Geometry – analysis of structures using algebraic operations
and position coordinates
Conventions- commonly accepted practices,
rules, or methods. (Dashed lines, center lines)
Standards- Set of rules that govern how
technical drawings are represented
ANSI- American national standards institute
Current Standard?
ANSI Y14.5M-2009 example with GD&T
Pick a partner
Describe verbally to partner that sketches
without looking at slide
(3 Minutes)
Sketching Techniques/ Tools
Media Types & Sizes
• Grid Paper
• Vellum
• Bond Roll
• Sheet sizes recommended by ANSI
A
B
C
D
E
F
8 1/2 X 11
17 X 11
22 X 17
34 X 22
44 X 34
40 X 28
Scales
Scale Factors:
1:1=
1:2=
1:4=
2:1=
1:10=
Mechanical Engineers Scale (Precision)
1:10 or 1/10 = .1”
1:20 or 1/20 =.05”
1:30 or 1/30 = .033”
1:40 or 1/40 = .025”
1:50 or 1/50 = .02”
1:60 or 1/60 = .017”
.x=
.xx=
.xxx=
AB -10 scale =
BC - 20 scale =
CD – 30 scale =
DE – 40 scale =
EF – 50 scale =
FG – 60 scale =
MATH!!