Technologies for addressing
Environmental Challenges
dedicated to Environmental Protection
and Restoration
Technologies for addressing Environmental
Challenges
Freda Porter, Ph.D., President and CEO
Porter Scientific
The protection of water resources is vital in today’s environment. A
number of environmental issues are presented along with the latest
technologies including 1) corrosion control coatings and processes,
industrial water recovery, and monitoring solutions; 2) EPA
Brownfields properties and remediation technologies; 3) Leaky
landfills and groundwater monitoring; and 4) UST removal and
remediation, where EPA guidelines’ function is to reduce leaking
USTs that contaminate water supplies. Risk-based modeling of
natural bioattenuation for groundwater contamination along with
monitoring is suggested for measuring the extent of contamination.
The mathematical underpinning for estimating the rate of natural
bioattenuation is discussed.
Outline

Company Overview

Environmental Projects

Technologies for addressing Environmental Challenges

Mathematical Modeling of Groundwater Contamination
Corporate Headquarters
Porter Plaza
719 Old Main Road
Pembroke, NC 28372
910-521-0549
dedicated to Environmental Protection
and Restoration
Porter Scientific Incorporated (PSI) is an American Indian woman owned
small business with an established track record of providing environmental
consulting services, information technology and facility support services to a
variety of agencies including the Department of Defense, the Department of
Transportation and the Environmental Protection Agency as well as
municipalities and commercial clients.
PSI specializes in providing environmental solutions caused by wastewater,
storm water, and HAZMAT pollution by delivering cradle-to-grave solutions to
our clients.
Through experience, modern technologies and equipment, and customer
satisfaction, the PSI team has created an outstanding track record of service
to its client base and to the community.
Company Overview
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Staff of 21 industry-standard trained and certified personnel
Established in 1997, Corporate Office: Pembroke, NC
Approximately 21,000 ft2 of office and warehouse space
Approved MWBE/SDBE provider of Environmental and IT
Services by the NC DOT, SC DOT, Charlotte, Raleigh, Durham,
RDU AA, Wachovia, Progress Energy, and NC HUB
● ISO 9001:2000 certification pending
● 2007 UIDA American Indian Business of the Year Award
 2008 UNCP Business Visions Business Person of the Year
6
Core Competencies
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Environmental Services Division
o Environmental Protection and Restoration
o
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Professional Services Division
o Water and Sewer Construction Management
o
o
o
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Technical and Environmental Consulting Services
Education, Outreach and Workforce Development Training
Facility Support Services
Grant Writing
Information Technology Division
o GIS Mapping of Infrastructure
o
Database Management
Certifications
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Water Pollution Control System Operator Certification – LA 22755
Septage Management Firm – NCS 00987
GIS Technician
Licensed Asbestos Inspector – BI-00335
Lead Inspector/Risk Assessor
Secret Security Clearance (Facility & Personnel)
Hazardous Material Transport (DOT Registration No. 052305 550 047N, EPA Id.
No. NC0991302636)
NCBA approved to provide Environmental Site Assessments, Due Diligence
Training & Environmental Consulting (affiliate member)
NCDOT Mentor Protégé Program with Mulkey Engineering and Consultants
Stormwater Management – BMP & Inspections
Wastewater Treatment Plant Operation – Grade IV
Professional Society
Memberships
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The Society of American
Military Engineers (SAME)
American Society of Civil
Engineers (ASCE)
North Carolina Technology
Association (NCTA)
Association for Women in
Mathematics (AWM)
American Council for
Engineering Companies (ACEC)
American WaterWorks
Association (AWWA)
Environmental Site Assessments
• Phase I Environmental Site
Assessments (ASTM E 1527-05)
• Asbestos Assessment, Abatement &
Demolition
• Mold Assessment & Remediation
• Lead Inspections/Risk Assessments
• Phase II Environmental Site
Assessments with B&C
• Real Estate Transaction Screens (ASTM1528)
New Century Bank South
BB&T
Lumbee Guaranty Bank
Native Angels Health Care
First Bank
K A Richardson & Co
Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina
What is a Brownfields Site?
“Real property, the expansion, redevelopment,
or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence
or potential presence of a hazardous substance,
pollutant, or contaminant.” *
*As defined in 101(39) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (CERCLA, or
Superfund)
EPA Brownfields Training Program
Course
Contact Hours
HAZWOPER (Hazardous Waste &
Emergency Response)
40
OSHA General Industry Standards & Safety
10
Heavy Equipment Operation & Safety
10
AHERA Asbestos Worker
32
Lead Worker – EPA
16
DOT Handling & Shipping of Hazardous
Materials
8
Microbial Remediation
Worker
16
Wastewater Physical/Chemical – Grade 1
24
OJT (On the Job Training)
40
TOTAL
196
EPA Brownfields Assessment
Program
Town of Pembroke EPA
Brownfields Assessment Grant

 City of Durham EPA Brownfields
Assessment Grant
 Hoke County EPA Brownfields
Assessment Grant
 Robeson County EPA Brownfields
Assessment Grants
Town of Pembroke EPA Brownfields Sites
Petroleum product
builds up in Lift
station
Town of Pembroke EPA Brownfields Sites
Sheff’s Seafood Parking Lot
Petroleum product
in storm drains – existing
monitoring wells on site
Robeson County EPA Brownfields
Sites
Carolina Mills 26
Lumberton
Carolina Mills 27
Lumberton
Robeson County EPA Brownfields
Sites
Johnson Cotton Building
Lumberton
Former People’s Gas & Oil
Site, Red Springs
Old Mueller Steam
Building, St Pauls
Transformer Site
Red Springs
Robeson County EPA Brownfields
Sites
Burned Plant
Maxton
Maxton Oil & Fertilizer
Maxton
Textile Plant
St. Pauls
Tobacco Warehouse
Fairmont
City of Durham EPA Brownfields
Sites
Former Green Oil Site
Durham – Phase II completed
Surficial Soil contamination that exceeded
the RSLs – appears to be localized at 2
sample locations – 7 and 3 at residential
and industrial. Benzene was detected in
groundwater TMW 8
12 DCA was detected in TMW 4
Groundwater contamination was next door
Metals in the groundwater
Depending on use of site, no remediation
recommended, ie, surficial soil removal
if use is residential
Groundwater flow is in a northeasternly
direction
UST Removal and Disposal of
Contaminated Soil

UST Removal and
Investigation

Contaminated Soil Removal
& Disposal

Trust Fund Assistance
– Hanes Dye & Finishing
– Seymour Johnson AFB
– Picerne Housing, Ft Bragg
Facility Support Services Contracts
• Working with Research Triangle Institute in
developing Baseline Monitoring Plans as well as
research subproject plans that will meet Camp
Lejeune’s needs and better manage their natural
resources through the Strategic Environmental
Research and Development Program (SERDP).
• Fayetteville, NC Annual Infrastructure Maintenance
Program: PSI has in-place an annual agreement with
the Public Works Commission of Fayetteville, North
Carolina to perform, as necessary, the following
services: collection system cleaning using high velocity
jetting equipment, closed circuit television inspections
of pipelines, inclinometer surveys, sewer root cutting,
wastewater treatment plant maintenance, pump
station maintenance, locating manholes, manhole
inspections, land application of biosolids,
infiltration/inflow evaluations, and GIS mapping of
drainage systems and lift stations.
Facility Support Services Contracts
• BPA for Environmental Services at Marine Corps Base,
Camp Lejeune
Before Duct Cleaning/MR
After Duct Cleaning/MR
• BPA for Environmental Services at MCAS, Cherry Point, NC
Both BPAs include environmental and other services
including but not limited to assessments, studies, testing,
remediation, and related industrial hygiene services,
facilities/infrastructure operations, problem detection,
maintenance and repair, wastewater and storm water
compliance issues, hazardous waste management,
reports, and training.
 PSI conducted Air Sampling to monitor worker exposure to
Silica at the UNILEVER facility
 PSI performs Air Sampling to monitor worker exposure to
Hexavalent Chromium VI at MCAS CP
Water and Sewer Infrastructure Construction
Management and Grant Support

Hoke County Regional WWTP – stream modeling required on outfalls –
Rural Center and CWMTF grant proposals in progress
o
Outfalls - Puppy Creek, Rockfish Creek, Black Branch Creek, Beaver
Creek - QUAL2K

Hoke County Ethanol Plant – Gas Distribution Line and Fire suppression
water tank – Rural Center and CDBG grant proposals in progress construction management oversight upon approval

Donald D. Steed Lift Station and Force Main (In Progress)

Walmart Water and Sewer Connection (401 Corridor) – Rural Center grant
proposals underway
Water and Sewer Infrastructure
Construction Management
Pump Station to serve Donald D.
Steed Elementary School on
Phillipi Church Road, in Raeford,
NC
Water and Sewer Infrastructure
Project Management and Grant Support
The $100 million plant , by Clean Burn
Fuels, built in Hoke County, will be the
largest on the East Coast. It is one of four
proposed facilities in the state hoping to
cash in on what could become the surge
in biofuels interest.

Need a photo of the
Ethanol site
Proposed project: WWTP effluent is in planning to be piped to
Ethanol plant as a primary water source.
Water and Sewer Infrastructure
Project Management
Hoke County, NC commissioners
are working with Wal-Mart to
open its doors next year, with
grants for the infrastructure
improvements being written to
help handle water and sewer.
Rural Center and CDBG grants
Emergency Response (URS, Fort Bragg, NC DOT, and
local government)
Emergency Response to Oil Water
Separator Overflow at Fort Bragg
Approximately 97.47 tons of contaminated soil
and sludge was removed from the retention
pond and construction site. Contaminated
material was transported to a permitted
remediation facility off-site. Three post
excavation soil samples were collected from
the retention pond. The samples were
analyzed for MADEP Extractable Petroleum
Hydrocarbons (EPH) and MADEP Volatile
Petroleum Hydrocarbons (VPH). Upon
receiving the lab results, restoration of the
project site was conducted. The retention pond
was backfilled and compacted with local
borrow soil along with all areas were heavy
equipment had accessed the contaminated
sites. The areas were stabilized and reseeded
per Fort Bragg seeding specifications.
Other Professional Services -Technology
Transfer (T2) Bridge Program
Managed by ECU – T2Bridge is a focused outreach program that provides
one-on-one support to companies interested in licensing technologies
developed with DoD resources or transitioning their own innovative products
or technologies into DoD. Specific components of the program supported
by Porter Scientific include: facilitating the licensing of DoD
technologies to the commercial sector; accelerating the transition of
innovative technologies from the commercial sector to DoD with heavy
emphasis on those technologies that will directly benefit the
warfighter; encourage further utilization/access of DoD infrastructure
to aid in the technology transition (e.g. validation/verification); and
through providing additional support and leverage on programs such
as the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and other R&D
funding programs.
Corrosion Control - Industrial Water
Treatment
Lab Services
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Monitor, test, treat, and
provide water quality data
analysis for boilers, cooling
towers, and chilled water
systems
IWT chemicals purchased
from national chemical
supplier
PSI Technical Team
The PSI technical support team offers complete technical and
laboratory support for chemical services related to water
treatment.

Project Manager
Chemist
Industrial Water Technician
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
Chemical Formulations based on SOW – purchased from
national chemical supplier
Service Report
Porter Scientific Incorporated
719 Old Main Road
PO Box 1359
Pembroke, NC 28372
Phone: (910) 521-0549
Fax: (910) 521-3599
Customer Number:
105964
04-09-08
Report Date:
Company:
ROBINS AIR FORCE BASE
Copy:
Location:
BUILDING 644
Copy:
Attention:
MR. ROBERT CUMMINGS
Robins AFB, GA 31098
MR. WENDELL RATTERREE
Copy:
Control Limits
MAKE-UP
WATER
Sample Source
Conductivity
pH
P-Alkalinity (1154)
M-Alkalinity
Chlorides
Calcium Hardness
Total Hardness
Phosphate (1280)
Sulfite (1040)
Iron
Molybdenum
Sodium Nitrite
Silica
OH Alkalinity
Cycles of Conc.
us/cm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
ppm
FEED
WATER
131
6.9
34
8.5
52
4
BOILER
#4
2149-1185
11.1
430
480
EAST
WEST
.01
9.8
2.3
Condensate
900-1200
10.3-12.0
300-500
0-15
8.0-8.5
Condensate Condensate
49
7.4
22
8.2
12
6
7.2
20
.05
BOILER
< 0.25
10-20
30-60
.01
.00
33.8
380
< 0.05
220-500
14.6
* Operation outside of control ranges may cause system damage and failure.
Feed-water: The silica test indicates 23.4% makeup occurring at the time of sampling.
Boiler #4: The conductivity level was within range. However, the treatment level was low at the time of sampling. Porter Scientific
will adjust the treatment application rate in order to bring the levels up to the specified ranges to prevent scale/corrosion
formation.
Energy and Water Conservation
Basewide Order – reduce water usage by 2%

HAZMAT Waste Reduction
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Replacing IWT chemicals with Molybdenum free chemicals
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Building 59
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Building 177 – valve repairs

Monitoring Makeup water with meters
Clean Water Management Trust Fund
Proposal for Hoke County
Most of Hoke County has either moderate or severe
limitations for septic fields – Puppy Creek – near
housing with failing septic systems
 Clean Water Management
Trust Fund grant proposal
submitted for Wastewater
Infrastructure Improvement
Project along 401 Corridor –
Hoke Co – BRAC RTF focused
growth area
 includes novel research
approach for measuring E-coli
accumulation - Rachel Noble,
Ph.D., UNC CH 1
Solid Waste Project Management
Robeson County Solid Waste Landfill – Phase IV expansion – design/build
project with B&C
o Local Client Regulatory & Community Relations
 Client Liaison
 Local Regulatory Liaison
 Public Meetings
o Engineering & Construction Support
 Construction Management
 Leachate Pump Station Design support
 Bid Development & Procurement
o Local Sampling & Inspection
 Groundwater, Surface water Sampling
 Daily Oversight
 Soil Sampling
Landfill Groundwater Monitoring
and Leachate Line Inspections
Landfill Cross Section
Landfill Groundwater Monitoring
and Leachate Line Inspections
15A NCAC 13B .0601
GROUND-WATER MONITORING - required
of SWMF to detect effects of the facility on ground-water in the area.
15A NCAC 13B .0602
SURFACE WATER MONITORING - required
of SWMF to detect effects of the facility on ground-water in the area.
Landfill Groundwater Monitoring
and Leachate Line Inspections – Robeson
County
Landfill Groundwater Monitoring and
Leachate Line Inspections – Robeson County
Professional Services
EPA Modeling Support:
PSI was tasked by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
to analyze mathematical models of mass conservation and to
implement efficient numerical algorithms that predict the extent of
groundwater contamination. PSI personnel also provided training
support by instructing the mathematical modeling component of an
EPA course entitled “Modeling Subsurface Hydrocarbon (BTEX
and MTBE) Transport and Natural Attenuation” with the USEPA
Ecosystems Research Division in Athens, Georgia. PSI personnel
later researched, evaluated, and coauthored a paper titled
“Estimating the Rate of Natural Bioattenuation of Groundwater
Contaminants by a Mass Conservation Approach.” 2
Estimating the rate of natural bioattenuation of groundwater
contaminants by a mass conservation approach
A number of factors influence the rate of biodegradation, which helps
determine the extent of contamination. Estimating degradation rate
constants is necessary for determining the impact of contaminants on
environmental receptors.
Contaminant mass conservation . Contaminants dissolved in ground
water are subject to conservation of mass, M,
(1)
M
   JM  M ,
t
Where JM is the mass flux and λ is the first-order decay constant. Used
conventionally for subsurface biodegradation, it summarizes the behavior
at a particular point in time and space.
Estimating the rate of natural bioattenuation of groundwater
contaminants by a mass conservation approach
If subsurface contamination is conceptualized as in Figure 1, (1) can be
applied to a control volume that surrounds the contaminant plume. The
control volume is assumed to contain all aquifer contamination at all
times of interest, so no mass exits the control volume. The only input of
mass is assumed to occur at the contact between the oil lens and the
water table. Equation (1) can then be written as a first order linear ODE
(2)
M
 Jin (t )  M  0,
t
Where Jin (t) is the rate that mass enters the contaminant plume. The
solution of (2) is
(3)
t


  ( t t1 )
 ( s t1 )
M (t )  e
J in ( s)ds  C .
 e
 t1

Estimating the rate of natural bioattenuation of groundwater
contaminants by a mass conservation approach
Figure 1.
Four cases are of interest: Case 1: where mass flux to the aquifer is zero; Case 2: where
mass flux is a constant; Case 3: if mass flux to the aquifer as a represented as a decaying
exponential function; and Case 4: mass flux is represented as a general function of time.
HSSM computer model was used to estimate the mass flux.
References
1. Noble, Rachel T., John F. Griffith, A. Denene Blackwood, Jed A. Fuhrman,
Jason B. Gregory, Ximena Hernandez, Xiaolin Liang, Angie A. Bera, and
Kenneth Schiff. Feb 2006. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72:16041612
2. Weaver, James W. and Freda Porter-Locklear. 1998. Estimating the Rate of
Natural Bioattenuation of Ground Water Contaminants by a Mass Conservation
Approach. SIAM Rev. 40:113-117.
3. Norris, Robert D., Robert E. Hinchee, Richard Brown, Perry L. McCarty, John T.
Wilson, Don H. Kampbell, Martin Reinhard, Edward J. Bouwer, Robert C.
Borden, Timothy M. Vogel, J. M. Thomas, and C. H. Ward. 1993. Handbook
of BIOREMEDIATION. Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory.
4. Bear, Jacob. 1979. Hydraulics of Groundwater. McGraw-Hill Series in Water
Resources and Environmental Engineering.