Four legs good, two legs bad
 Marx-
a German philosopher who propose
ideas that led to the modern concept of
communism (utopia)
• The idea of a utopia was around before
Marx (Thomas More)
 Believed
that life has two classes:
• Working class and Owner Class
 “From
each according to his abilities, to
each according to his needs.”
• Everyone shares
 Wealthy
vs. Everyone
Else
 Czar Nicholas II and the
Romanov Dynasty
 Marx-Communist
Manifesto
• Unite the working class
 1917
• End of the Romanov Dynasty
• Communist Take over
 1924
• Vladimir Ilych Lenin died
• Joseph Stalin vs. Leon Trotsky
 Stalin
• Manipulative
• Violent
 20 million Soviet citizens
 Eric
Blair
 British political novelist
 “Born 1903 to British colonists
in Bengal, India” (pg. 1)
 Witnessed the oppression of Britain on
India as well as England’s class system
 Became a Socialist
• Highly regarded Marx and Lenin
 1930’s
and 1940’s
• Against the Soviet Union and its policies
• Still admired Lenin, but not Stalin and his tactics
 Anti-totalitarian
• Animal Farm
• 1984
novels
 Spain
• Trotsky vs. Stalin
 Animal
Farm
• “a fairy story”
• Political tract
• Satire on human folly
• Lesson on Utopia
• Allegory
• Fable
 The
Soviet Myth
 Reception in Britain and America
• 1943
 Published
August 17, 1945
 “a
fairy story”
• Includes legends, moral stories, and beast
fables
 Political Tract
 Satire
on human folly
• “the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or
ridicule to expose and criticize people's
stupidity or vices, particularly in the context
of contemporary politics and other topical
issues” (Google definitions)
 Lesson
on Utopia
 Allegory
• “a story, poem, or picture that can be
interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning,
typically a moral or political one” (Google
definitions)
 Fable
• “a short story, typically with animals as
characters, conveying a moral.” (Google
definitions)
 Drunken
Mr. Jones stumbles into the house and
passes out on his bed
 The animals gather in the barn knowing that
Old Major, a pillar of the animal community, is
going to speak
 Old Major wishes to instill his wisdom to the
other animals
• Animals are slaves to the humans
• His dream shows a time when animals are free and
happy
 Make
note that the story is a satire of all
forms of totalitarianism
• Fascism, Communism, and Capitalism
 Why make it a fable?
• Historically fables are great ways to openly
criticize a culture without the backlash
• Also, the simplicity allows for the symbolism and
lessons to be clearly understood
 The
song “Beasts of England” creates the
central goal of all people
• A utopian place where government is not
needed
• However, greed and self-interest will always
need a government to police it
 Finally, make
note that the story
specifically targets the Russian
Revolution
 Old
Major dies three days later, and the
animals begin their plot to overthrow Farmer
Jones
 The animals, under the leadership of the pigs,
begin to learn about animalism and other
important teachings
• What is the problem with rank and teachings?
 Moses, the
church, begins to interfere with the
pigs’ plans for revolution
• Tales about a paradise after death does not help
radicalism
 The
Revolution occurs earlier than
expected
• Mr. Jones’ drinking problem allowed for him to
forget about feeding the animals
• When the animals wanted food they broke into
the storehouse
• This created upheaval among the farmers and
violence broke loose
 The
comparison between Russia and the
farm is more clear
• Farm is part capitalist and agrarian
 Religion
and Communism do not mix!
 Ignorant loyalty can lead to manipulation
by the educated
 Orwell is feeling for the lower classes
• They are manipulated and mistreated just like
the lowly animals
 Focus-
collective good
• Snowball creates committees to educate the animals
• Use human tools to work the fields
• Boxer “I will work harder”
 However, we
begin to see the manipulation
• Napoleon secretly trains the dogs
• The pigs receive the apples and milk for brain food
(it is for the greater good)
 Boxer’s
motto:
• The oppression of the state against the trials of the
poor
• Sometimes hard work is not enough and sometimes
it is exploitation
 Imbalance
of knowledge
• Pigs possess it and the animals do not
 Generalization
of the motto
• Moral values- do not kill another animal
• Utopian ideals- all animals are equal
 Squealer
figures crucially in the novel, as his
proficiency in spreading lie-filled propaganda
allows the pigs to conceal their acts of greed
beneath a veneer of common good.
 His statements and behaviors exemplify the
linguistic and psychological methods that the
pigs use to control the other animals while
convincing them that this strict regime is
essential if the animals want to avoid becoming
subject to human cruelty again.
 Major Snowball Napoleon Squealer Goats Moses Horses-
 The
song "Beasts of England" is now being
hummed and sung over half of the county,
although no other farms have joined the
Rebellion.
 Armed with a shotgun, Mr. Jones and several
men from town attempt to recapture the farm,
but Snowball leads the animals in
successfully defending it.
 Medals for bravery are awarded to Snowball,
Boxer, and the one sheep killed in the battle.
Mr. Jones's gun is set up at the foot of the
flagpole, and it will be fired on the
anniversaries of the Rebellion
In
this chapter, Orwell makes
masterful use of irony, an important
component of satirical writing, to
illustrate the gap between what the
animals are fighting for and what
they believe they are fighting for.
Orwell's
scrutiny of the motivations
behind mass violence and
manipulative leadership.
 Mollie: still
does not want to follow
animalism
• She eats sugar from men
 Napoleon
versus Snowball
• Windmill: current versus future
 Napoleon
takes charge
• The dogs chase away Snowball
 Lenin
once famously remarked that communism
was merely socialism plus the electrification of
the countryside
• a comment that reveals the importance of
technological modernization to leaders in the young
Soviet Union.
 This
chapter illuminates Napoleon's
corrupt and power-hungry motivations.
• He openly and unabashedly seizes power for
himself, banishes Snowball with no justification,
and shows a bald-faced willingness to rewrite
history in order to further his own ends.
 The
animals work at a great pace to gain
enough food for themselves and rebuild the
windmill
 The animals’ lives are no different then under
Mr. Jones
 Napoleon begins to trade with humans to get
some of the necessary supplies for animal farm
 Pigs sleep in beds, but its fine because it has no
sheets
 Government
class:
strategies on the working
• Overworking of the labor class
• Justifying the riches of the ruling class
• Propaganda on the government’s ineffectiveness
 Invisible
enemy of governments
 More power= more corruption
 The
rebuilding of the windmill must commence
 Napoleon contracts to sell eggs to make money
for the farm
• The hens try to sabotage the selling and nine die
due to forced starvation
 Napoleon
and the inquisition
• Many animals die due to their conspiracy with
Snowball
 Collapse
of the windmill is a collapse of
the pigs’ pride and prestige
 Nevertheless, the pigs try to hide the
failure of the farm from the public so as to
not appear to be failures
 Purges or trials are similar to what Stalin
did in trying to demonize Trotsky
 Napoleon
becomes the leader and has a
lot of other titles
 The haggling of the timber
• Whichever farm is going to buy the timber is the
favorite farm
 The
Destruction of the windmill
 Whiskey rebellion
 Systematic
perversion of truth is unnoticed by
the animals
 Minimus's poem provides compelling evidence
for the animals' largely uncritical attitude
toward the regime that oppresses it. Though the
poem is outrageously inflated and tastelessly
sentimental, the animals don't question it;
instead, they allow it to speak for them.

Similarly, Animal Farm's ever-alternating alliance with
Mr. Frederick and Mr. Pilkington and the leaders' claim
that the farm has always remained committed to the
same farmer reaches the apex of absurdity in 1984. In
the middle of a speech during Hate Week, the masses
mindlessly accept the speaker's assertion that their
country, Oceania, which has indeed been at war with
Eurasia, is actually not at war and never has been at
war with Eurasia. He says the country is and always has
been at war with Eastasia. The masses, carrying explicit
anti-Eurasia signs, become embarrassed about their
apparent mistake.


Orwell uses Boxer's death as a searing indictment of
such totalitarian rule, and his death points sadly and
bitterly to the downfall of Animal Farm. The great horse
seems to have no bad qualities apart from his limited
intellect, but, in the end, he falls victim to his own
virtues—loyalty and the willingness to work
Orwell's conception of the ways in which the Russian
communist power apparatus treated the working class
that it purported to serve: Orwell suggests that the
administration exhausted the resources of the workers
for its own benefit and then mercilessly discarded
them.
 In
order to defuse potential outrage at his
blatant cruelty, Napoleon brings Moses
back and allows him to tell his tales of
Sugarcandy Mountain, much as Stalin
made a place for the once-taboo Russian
Orthodox Church after World War II.
Moses's return signals the full return of
oppression to the farm.
 The
gullibility of the animals is still
evident
• They hope that someday they hope to achieve
the republic that Old Major talked about
 However, we
are at the end and its is the
continuation of the beginning
• Because some animals are more equal than
others