Chapter 5
Notes
Secession and Resistance
AHSGE Social Studies
Review
Vocabulary/ Terms/ People
Popular sovereignty- the people in each
territory vote whether or not to permit slavery
Neutrality- refusing to take sides in an issue of
war
Tariff- a tax on imported goods
Secede- leave the Union
Arsenal- a place for making or storing
weapons and munitions
Differences of the North & South
South
Agriculture
Plantation
system relied on slavery
Few immigrants
Opposed high tariffs
Very little manufacturing
Did
not want a strong central
government- feared it would interfere
with slavery
Differences of the North & South
North
Economy
based on manufacturing
Factories needed labor, but not slave labor
Heavy immigration population (worked in
factories, built railroads, and settled the West)
Wanted high tariffs
Needed a strong central government
Countdown to Secession
Missouri
Compromise (1820) Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as
a free state to continue the balance between slave
and free states
Set the boundary line between slave and free
states
Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state and territories
in Utah and New Mexico were open to slavery by
popular sovereignty
Fugitive Slave Law- required escaped slaves be
returned to their owners in the South
Countdown to Secession
Kansas-
Nebraska Act (1854)-
Permitted
territories in Kansas and Nebraska
to choose whether or not to permit slavery
Repealed the Missouri Compromise
Bleeding
Term
Kansas (1854)-
used to describe conflict in Kansas
territory between anti-slavery factions and proslavery groups
Both sides suffered injuries and deaths
Countdown to Secession
Republican
Made
Party (1854)
up of a coalition of Democrats, Whigs,
and Free-Soilers
The party most noted for opposing the
extension of slavery in the territories
Free-soilers- a party believing slavery must not
be permitted in any new territory
Countdown to Secession
Charles
Sumner (1856)-
Senator
from Massachusetts who denounced
violence in Kansas and criticized Senator Andrew
Butler of South Carolina
Was beaten with a cane until unconscious by
Senator Andrew’s nephew who was a member of
the House of Representatives
Dred Scott Decision (1857) Sued for his freedom after his owner died. The
Supreme Court ruled he could not sue because
slaves were not citizens
Countdown to Secession
Freeport
Doctrine (1858)-
Stated
in a debate by Stephen Douglas when he
was running against Abraham Lincoln for the
Senate seat in Illinois
If a territory had no slave laws, it could not
have slaves
John
Brown (1859)-
Anti-slave
agitator who seized an arsenal at
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
He was hoping to lead a slave revolt
Countdown to Secession
1860
Democratic
Party split along sectional lines
over the issue of slavery
Northern
Democrats supported slavery in new
territories as determined by popular sovereignty
Southern Democrats wanted federal protection of
slavery in the territories
South
Carolina threatened to secede if Lincoln
won the presidential election of 1860
Countdown to Secession
December
1860
South
Carolina declared its secession from the
United States
By February 1861, six other states followed
them:
Alabama
Georgia
Florida
Louisiana
Texas
Federal
forts were seized within their borders
Countdown to Secession
February
4-18, 1861
Delegates
from the seceding states met in
Montgomery, Alabama
They drafted a constitution based on the US
Constitution, but more emphasis on state rights
Slaves could be held as property, but slave
trade with Africa was prohibited
Jefferson Davis selected as President of the
Confederate States of America
Montgomery declared the capital of the CSA
Efforts to Restore the Union
Senator
John Crittenden- tried to restore the
Union by proposing a new compromise:
Restore
the Missouri Compromise border line
and apply it to all present and future territories
Amend the Constitution to guarantee the right
to own slaves in states in the south of that line
Former
President John Tyler- presided over a
special convention in Washington to promote
a compromise
Efforts to Restore the Union
President
Tried
James Buchanan-
to prevent the Civil War by inaction
(doing nothing)
Blamed
abolitionists and the North’s
unrelenting agitation against the South for the
state of the nation
Allowed Confederate forces to occupy federal
forts, arsenals, and navy yards
Did not recognize the Confederacy as a new
nation
Efforts to Restore the Union
Abraham
Won
Lincoln-
the presidency based on a platform of
forbidding the extension of slavery into the new
territories, but not interfering with slavery
where it already existed
Assured the nation that slavery would be safe
in the South
Notified the governor of South Carolina that he
wanted to send only food to federal soldiers at
Ft. Sumter
Confederate soldiers opened fire on the fort
before the relief ships arrived
Battle Lines
Fort
Sumter- shots fired here began the Civil
War
Border states who stayed with the Union
Kentucky,
Border
Missouri, Maryland
states who joined the Confederacy
Virginia,
North
Carolina,
Arkansas,
and
Tennessee
The capital of the Confederacy was moved to
Richmond, Virginia
Resistance to Secession
Winston
County, Alabama- voted to remain
neutral during the Civil War
Western
counties of Virginia- opposed
Virginia’s secession and became a state in
1863
Military Strategy- North
Goal:
compel the Southern states to rejoin the
Union
To accomplish the goal, the Union needed to:
Invade
the South
Destroy the South’s ability to wage war
Lower morale of the South so they would no
longer fight
Anaconda
Plan- squeeze the South by
applying naval blockades around the
southern coast and seizing the Mississippi
River while invading from the North
Military Strategy- South
Goal:
force the Union to recognize the rights
of southern states to secede
To accomplish the goal, the Confederacy
needed to:
Prolong
the war until the North tired of
fighting and asked for peace
Convince European nations to support the
South in its goals
Military Strategies- South
Advantages
of the Confederacy over the
Union:
The
South would fight a defensive war
The South had better educated and more
competent generals than the North
Bull
Run-
first
battle after the attack on Ft. Sumter
showed both sides that the war would not be
over quickly, but would be a long and hard war
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