Name
Animals
(Eukaryotes)
Plants
(Eukaryotes)
Bacteria
(Prokaryotes)
Structure
Cell membrane
(plasma
membrane)
X
X
X
-Phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins and cholesterol
-hydrophilic head regions outside of cell (extra cellular matrix)
and inside of cell (cytoplasm), hydrophobic tail regions in
between.
O==O
Outside cell<-- O==O-->Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
X
X
X
-network of fibrous proteins
Ribosomes
X
X
X
Nucleus
X
X
Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
X
X
Golgi
Apparatus
X
X
-not membrane bound.
-bound to nuclear envelope or the rough endoplasmic
reticulum, or are free in the cytoplasm
-made up of two subunits constructed from rRNA (made in
nucleolus) and proteins
-double membraned organelle
-Keeps DNA separate from the cytoplasm
-nuclear envelope: membrane
-nucleolus: synthesize ribosomal RNA (rRNA), that makes up
ribosomes
-interconnected membrane-bound compartments
-Smooth ER: no ribosomes
-Rough ER: studded with ribosomes
-flat stack of membranous sacs
Mitochondria
X
X
Vacuoles
Lysosome
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
X (small)
-double membraned organelle
- intermembrane space between the two membranes
-inner membrane has folds, called cristae that increase surface
area for cellular respiration.
-mitchondrial matrix: inside inner membrane
-membrane bound organelle
X (large)
X
X
X
X
-membrane bound organelle with hydrolytic enzymes inside
-double membrane organelle
-intermembrane space: between the two membranes
-stroma: fluid filled space inside the inner membrane
-Thylakoid: interconnected membranous stacked discs that
contain chlorophyll
-composed of structural polysaccharide cellulose embedded in
protein matrix
Function
-Boundary that keeps the internal environment
of the cell separate from its external
environment.
-Serves as a guard for select transport into and
out of the cell
-(energy production in prokaryotes)
-structural support
-anchoring cell/ organelles
-transportation
-synthesizes proteins by reading the mRNA and
calling for appropriate amino acids to be
delivered by the transfer RNA (tRNA)
-Stores DNA (hereditary information) in the form
of chromosomes
-DNA contains information for protein synthesis,
conveys this information through messenger
RNA (mRNA)
-synthesizes enzymes and proteins for secretion,
sends products to Golgi via transport vesicle
-receives ER products, modifies and stores them,
ships them to appropriate cell parts via transport
vesicle
-performs cellular respiration for production of
ATP (usable energy)
-storage (both)
-digestion (plants)
-growth (plants)
-digestion
-performs photosynthesis for the conversion of
solar energy into chemical energy
-stores chlorophyll
-structural support