WHAT IS
‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ?
HEALTH PROMOTION
The term ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ IS :
wide-ranging
multi-disciplinary
philosophical
HEALTH PROMOTION
Tannahill (1985) offers a practical
model, which brings together 3
service components with
overlapping roles and concerns
HEALTH PROMOTION
Health
Education
Preventive
Services
Health
Protection
HEALTH PROMOTION
WHAT HEALTH are we
promoting ?
HEALTH PROMOTION
WHO ‘definition’
is actually a
political slogan
in the
Constitution
(1946)
“a state of complete
physical, mental and
social well-being and
not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity”
HEALTH PROMOTION
‘HEALTH FOR ALL’
has a more
functional and
utilitarian approach
To attain a level
of health that will
permit people to
lead a socially
and economically
productive life
HEALTH PROMOTION
‘HEALTH is a
resource for
everyday living….”
(WHO)
HEALTH PROMOTION
Health
Education
Preventive
Services
Health
Protection
HEALTH PROMOTION
Prevention
is an
important
component.
It has a
strong
intuitive
appeal
LEVELS OF PREVENTION
WELL
EARLY DISEASE
Primary
Prevention
LATE DISEASE
Secondary
Prevention
DEATH
Tertiary
Prevention
HEALTH PROMOTION
IMPORTANT REMINDER :
Be Evidence-Based
Do Research and Evaluation
Use Appropriate Technology
HEALTH PROMOTION
US Preventive Services Task Force
Canadian Task Force on Periodic
Health Examination
MOH Clinical Practice Guidelines
6/2003 – Health Screening
 Comprehensive reviews of the
scientific basis for preventive
services
Guide to
Clinical
Preventive
Services
HEALTH PROMOTION
Primary
Examples
prevention is

Immunization
desirable, but

Proper and
adequate nutrition

Weight control

Exercise prescription
limited by
knowledge
HEALTH PROMOTION
SCREENING
Presumptive
is an
identification of
important
unrecognized
strategy
disease or defect ….
HEALTH PROMOTION
CONDITIONS
FOR SUCCESS
IN SCREENING :
(1) Suitable
Disease
(a) Major public health
problem
(b) Identifiable pre-clinical
phase
(c) Early treatment effective
HEALTH PROMOTION
CONDITIONS
FOR SUCCESS
IN SCREENING :
(2) Suitable
Test
(a) Simple to apply and
interpret
(b) Cheap (cost-effective)
(c) Painless and safe
(d) Accurate and reproducible
(e) Acceptable to people
HEALTH PROMOTION
CONDITIONS
FOR SUCCESS
IN SCREENING :
(3) Suitable
Organization
(a) Call and recall of
appropriate subjects
(b) Adequate and coordinated
follow-up
(c) Quality assurance
(d) On-going evaluation
HEALTH PROMOTION
Examples :
Screening may
be directed at :
– general
population
– high-risk
groups
– hypertension
– diabetes mellitus
– coronary heart disease
– anaemia
– nutritional disorders
– tuberculosis
– cervix cancer
– breast cancer
HEALTH PROMOTION
We must go
beyond the
laboratory,
the doctor’s
office and
the hospital
Health
Education
Preventive
Services
Health
Protection
HEALTH PROMOTION
Health Education
is not just the
passive
transmission of
information.
(BEWARE OF
INFORMATION
OVERLOAD)
Knowledge
Beliefs
Attitude
Practice
(Behaviour)
HEALTH PROMOTION
Educational
messages
must
Examples :
– Achievements in
tobacco control
– Successes in
smoking cessation
– Health benefits of
non-smoking
HEALTH PROMOTION
Educational
messages
Examples :
must
– Non-smokers staying
off tobacco
ENCOURAGE
– Smokers helped to
quit
HEALTH PROMOTION
Educational
messages
must
EQUIP
Examples :
– How non-smokers
can fight temptation
– Enable smokers to
quit the habit
HEALTH PROMOTION
Educational
messages
must
EMPOWER
Examples :
– Adopt non-smoking
as desired way of life
– Advocate for nonsmoking and antismoking policies
HEALTH PROMOTION
We need to move away from vertical,
disease – oriented programmes :
CHD
Ca
DM
HEALTH PROMOTION
Let us take the risk-factor approach
CHD
Smoking
Ca
DM
Diet
Exercise
HEALTH PROMOTION
Take the messages to different arenas :
General Public
Schools
Workplace
Healthcare facilities
Community facilities
HEALTH PROMOTION
We continue
to go beyond
the laboratory,
the doctor’s
office and
the hospital
Health
Education
Preventive
Services
Health
Protection
HEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTH
PROTECTION :
regulations and
policies that
help to create a
supportive
healthful
environment
Examples :
– control of environmental
hazards
– restriction of smoking in
public
– quarantine measures
HEALTH PROMOTION
Public Health Laws are necessary :
to protect individuals, families and
the community
to inculcate responsible and
healthful behavior and practices
HEALTH PROMOTION
In any society, there is a need to balance :
Individual
Liberty
versus
Public
Good
HEALTH PROMOTION
Public Agencies have a very important role in
Health Promotion
- political commitment
- policy direction
- funding and other resources
- implementation and
enforcement
HEALTH PROMOTION
SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT
KNOWLEDGE
AND SKILLS
ACTIONS FOR
HEALTH
TOTAL COMMUNITY EFFORT