Name: _________________________________________________________________ Mr. Shalaby
Date: __________________________________________________________________ World History
Period: ________________________________________________________________ Collier High
The Renaissance Moves North
Artists of the Northern Renaissance
•
The northern Renaissance began in the prosperous cities of ________________, a region
that included parts of present-day northern France, _______________, and Netherlands.
•
Spain, France, Germany, and England enjoyed their great culture rebirth 100 years later,
in the 1500s.
A “German” Leonardo”
•
Albrecht _____________ traveled to Italy in 1494 to study the techniques of the Italian
masters.
•
Returning home, he employed these methods in painting and, especially, in
______________.
•
In this form of art an artist etches a design on a _____________ plate with acid.
The artist then uses the plate to make ______________.
•
Many of Durer’s engravings portray the ________________ upheaval of his age.
•
Through his art as well as through ______________, Durer helped to spread Italian
Renaissance ideas in his homeland.
•
Because of his wide-ranging interests, which extended far beyond art, he sometimes
called the “______________ ______________.”
Flemish Painters
•
Among the many artists of Flanders in the 1400s, Jan and Hubert ________________
stand out.
•
Their portrayals of townspeople as well as religious scenes abound in __________,
realistic details.
•
The Van Eycks also developed ________ paint.
•
Northern artists used this new medium to produce strong colors and a hard surface that
could survive the _______________.
•
In the 1500s, Pieter _______________ used vibrant colors to portray lively scenes of
peasant life.
•
Bruegel’s work influenced later Flemish artists, who painted scenes of __________ life
rather than religious or classical themes.
•
In the 1600s, Peter Paul _______________ blended he realistic tradition of Flemish
painters like Bruegel with the classical themes and artistic freedom of the Italian
Renaissance.
•
Many of his enormous paintings portray ____________ figures from the classical past.
Northern Humanists
•
Like Italian humanists, northern European humanist scholars stressed ____________ and
classical learning.
•
At the same time, they emphasized _____________ themes.
•
They believed that the revival of ancient learning should be used to bring about
religious and ____________ reform
Erasmus
•
Dutch priest and humanist Desiderius _____________ used his knowledge of classical
languages to produce a new ____________ edition of the New Testament.
•
He also called for a translation of the Bible into the _____________, or everyday language
of ordinary people.
•
As a priest he was disturbed by _____________ in the Church and called for __________.
•
In The Praise of Folly, Erasmus used ______________ to expose the ignorant and immortal
behavior of many people of his day including the _____________.
Thomas More
•
Erasmus’s friend, the English humanist Thomas More, also pressed for ____________
reform.
•
In ____________, More describes an ideal society in which men and women live in peace
and harmony.
•
No one is __________, all are ____________, and justice is used to end crime
rather than to eliminate the criminal.
Writers for a New Audience
•
Scholars like More and Erasmus wrote mostly in ____________.
•
In northern towns and cities, the growing ____________ class demanded new works in
the vernacular.
•
The audience particularly enjoyed _____________ tales and earthy comedies
Rabelais
•
The French humanist Francois ____________ had a varied career as a monk, physician,
Greek scholar, and author.
•
In Gargantua and Pantagruel, he chronicle the adventure of two gentle giants.
•
On the surface, the novel is a comic tale on _________ and war. But Rabelais uses his
characters to offer ______________ on religion, education, and other serious subjects.
Shakespeare
•
Between 1590 and 1613 William Shakespeare wrote ______ plays.
•
Shakespeare’s comedies, such as __________________ laugh at the follies of
young people in love.
•
His history plays, such as ______________, depict the powerful struggles of
English kings.
•
His tragedies show people crushed by powerful forces or their own
______________.
•
Wrote __________ sonnets on the subjects of love, beauty & mortality
•
Shakespeare’s love of words vastly enriched the English language.
•
More than __________ words appeared for the first time in his works, including
bedroom, lonely, gloomy, heartsick, hurry and sneak.
The Printing Revolution
•
In 1456, Johann ______________ of __________, Germany, printed the first complete
edition of the Bible using the first printing __________ and printing inks in the West.
•
Within 20 years, the development of _________ type made book production even easier.
•
A printing revolution would transform Europe.
•
By 1500, more than 20 _______________ volumes had been printed.
•
Printed books were _____________ and easier to produce than handcopied work.
•
With books more readily available, more people learned how to ________.
•
Printed books exposed educated Europeans to new ideas, greatly
expanding their horizons